Dugong Research Paper

1) Beluga whale 2) 3) Endangered due to ocean noise and climate change (global warming). The belugas rely on sound to communicate; not being able to hear because of ships/marine construction makes it difficult for them to find food, mate and to hear predators coming. 4) Beluga whale’s niche is to migrate, swim, eat fish and crustations. Sharks, Sperm whales, orcas, Greenland sharks and polar bears feed on beluga whales. 5) Beluga whales eat over 100 different species of crustations and fish; if the Beluga whale were to go extinct populations of the 100+ species would increase without being eaten by Belugas.

Sequoyah (ᏍᏏᏉᏯ) was born in Monroe County, Tennessee which is east of the Chillhowee Mountain. He lives about 8 miles away from New Echota, the old Cherokee Nation Capital. Sequoyah was born around 1760 - 1765 and died about 1843. Sequoyah’s mother's name is Wut-teh she belongs to the red paint clan, his father had left before Sequoyah was born, and he is believed to be known as George Gist, a German paddler of Nathaniel Gist, an English fur trader. The English name that was given to him was George Gist, his Cherokee name (S-si-qua-ya or ᏍᏏᏉᏯ) meant “pig’s foot”.

The Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma is a huge part of Oklahoma’s history. The name Kickapoo comes from “Kiwegapawa,” which is an Algonquin word meaning “he stands out” or “he stands about”. Known to be fiercely independent is the Kickapoo Tribe. The lifestyle of a Kickapoo often changed due to the various amounts of migration. The tribe was continuously traveling more south and more west. The Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma has created history from a long route to Oklahoma to where the tribe is currently.

The Pastinachus solocirostris, also known as the Roughnose Stingray, is from the Pastinachus genus of stingrays in the family of Dasyatidae. It is found generally in shallow waters of mangroves off of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. They grow to 72 centimeters across, and is characterized by their pointed snout. The fin disc of the Roughnose Stingray is wide, diamond-shape, and rounded on the corners. They have about 20 upper teeth and 25 lower teeth, with five papillae on the floor of the mouth. Like other stingrays, they are reproduced in embryos inside the mother, nourished by yolk, and then later with uterine milk from the mother. The Roughnose Stingray are listed as endangered, prone to being victims of bottom longline fisheries, used for its

Bradshaw, C.J.A., Hindell, M.A, Best, N.J., Phillips, K.L., Wilson, G. and Nichols, PD. (2003). You are what you eat: describing the foraging ecology of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) using blubber fatty acids. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2371.

The Dingo has survived for more than 5000 years in a range of Australian outback conditions. The species is currently on the vermin list and organisations such as Dingo CARE and lobbying to change that and have Dingos listed as an endangered species.

Due to this, the main purpose of this report is to discuss the various attributes of whales which have assisted in their survival and adaptation in their environments. This includes morphological adaptations such as size, mouth structure, and their body shape; physiological adaptations such as Respiration and their blubber. The report also focuses on behavioural adaptations which discuss migration, and their use of communication. The issues regarding the destruction of whale’s habitats due to the increase of ships on today’s oceans and climate change is also discussed in this report as well as possible solution which could prevent the possibility of extinction for the Blue Whale.

The area of research that I have selected is the effects of overfishing in the Sea Otter ecosystem off the coast of California. The effects caused by the fishing pressure on the ecosystem will have different outcomes, depending on the strength and the types of relationships of the organisms present. (4) Red Abalone populations have declined drastically, to the point of the abalone fishery collapse. Several factors have led up to the collapse including Withering Syndrome, where the organism loses the ability to attach itself to rocks, making it more susceptible to predation, or the organism can eventually wither and starve to death. Sea Urchins and Red Abalone are a part of the same ecosystem, and are competitors of each other.(5) Both organisms graze on macroalgae and are a primary food source for Sea Otters. Sea Otters occurred from the North Pacific Rim down to Baja California, Mexico, but now only occur in small isolated patches (9) It is understood that Sea Otter presence can characterize community structure, where they can control and determine the size of Sea Urchin and Red Abalone populations. In the absence of Sea Otters, “Urchin Barrens” are created from the overgrazing of macroalgae by Sea Urchin. In these areas the ecosystem have changed dramatically, due to the overfishing, or in this case the over hunting, of Sea Otters causing a trophic cascade.(7)In some areas, Sea Otters have been reintroduced, in other areas they were never removed, and in others they

West Indian manatees have special adaptations that have enabled them to become very comfortable in their water habitat. They have no clavicles, short nails in their flippers, only 3-4 phalanges, a flattened paddle-like tail, valvular nostrils located on top of their snouth, no external pinnae, and their ribs have a deeper arch, amongst other adaptation that will be discussed throughout this paper.

Dugong, which is commonly called sea cow, is claimed to be the only marine herbivorous mammal on Earth. These days, most of the world’s population of dugongs are in the waters around Queensland, resulting in “one of the reasons for nominating the Great Barrier Reef as a World Heritage Area in 1981” (Lawler, Marsh, McDonald, and Stokes 2). On The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species published in 2015, dugong was classified to be vulnerable because “the numbers of dugongs around the world had declined by at least 20% over the last 90 years” (Marsh and Sobtzick), which was approximately three dugong generations. The dugongs fishing in Australia started in 1850s, when people hunted dugongs for their meat and oil and then exported to Europe for medical purposes. Over the years, people kept searching for dugongs to attain ample amount of profits from dugong trading, so unsustainable hunting became a leading reason which was responsible for dugong’s decline in sea area around Queensland. As the report from World Conservation Union indicates, “the [Great Coral Reef] region supported an estimated 4,220 dugongs in the mid-1990s compared with 72,000 dugongs in the early 1960s” (Marsh and Sobtzick). Even though international law had banned the trade in dugong meat and other related products, dugong hunting remained legal in some Australian regions, since “aboriginal people regard dugongs as vital parts of their

The dwarf minke whale may be the whale we know the least about of all. These friendly creatures appear every winter for a few months on the outer edges of the Great Barrier Reef. “We know everything there is to know about their habits except where they are the rest of the year and what they are doing while they are there” (Smathers 458). Perhaps because the adults are only about 25 feet long, they are not nearly as famous as blue whales or humpbacks. According to Robert Jones, dwarf minke researchers have a hard time getting donations to cover their expenses (33-35). Felicia Smart wonders if it would be different of they had songs like the humpbacks(volume

The Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea of family Otariidae is the sole extant species of its genus and the only endemic pinniped found in Australian waters, ranging from coastal Western Australia to Southern Australia (Kirkwood & Goldsworthy 2013; Lowther et al. 2012). Unique in its non-annual, temporally asynchronous breeding cycle across adjacent colonies, prolonged breeding and lactation period, extreme female site fidelity, and natal philopatry, the Australian sea lion is thus considered one of the world’s rarest non-migratory otariids (Kirkwood & Goldsworthy 2013; Campbell 2005). The innate philopatry nature coupled with its geographically

The Dogon tribe has another piece of art a beautiful wood pieces of men and women together as one. This piece of art can related to us here in the unite state. Many cultures here believe that god made men and from men he made women. It funny, how the Dogon tribe had the same thing. Their god was called Amma and he was a man just like our god here. But there is a big different when it comes to how Amma made men and earth then our story. In the Dogon tribe Amma had made men immortal. Before he did that it was said “that Amma created four male and four female creatures. The males are: Nommo Die, Nommo Titiyayne, O Nommo and Ogo and were created in the form of fish. But Ogo rebelled before he was fully finished, as he wanted to make the creation

Digimon is short for Digital Monsters and is a popular Japanese series of media and merchandise which is comprised of anime, manga, toys, video games, trading card games and other media. On March 6, 1999, the franchise was given an anime. On March 7, 1999 they began airing a television series named Digimon Adventures. There are six seasons with a different amount of episodes per season, each season had a different name (Digimon Adventures, Digimon Adventures 02, Digimon Tamers, Digimon Frontier, Digimon Data Squad, and Digimon Fusion).

Even today more than 30 years later, the seals have the status as the most endangered species in the United States. The seals population has declined three to four percent every year for the past decade. With this decrease the seals have seen the lowest number in years. There were 1,100 seals left in existence. This news is important since the species is only found in Hawaii. It has been in existence for more than fifteen million years. There is expected to be better news soon. There have been significant efforts to help the recovery of the species in the past few years, environmentalist have removed several tons of ocean trash from the seals habitat and moving the seals from an area of low survival rate to that of a higher survival rate. There are some indications showing that the hard work is paying off. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) teams reported about 121 pup seals were born in 2014, which was higher than the amount of pup born in 2013 with 103 pup seals and in 2012 with 111 pup seals born. So with this information it shows that the hard work is improving the life of the Hawaiian monk seals. The total population is now estimated to be around 1,200 Hawaiian monk seals. So most of the seals are placed in the Main Hawaiian Islands and the other seals are placed in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Due to the Hawaiian monk seals being on the endangered species list