Dwight Conquergood Summary

Lareau attended every day outings with the families to observe the child’s environment. Instead of gathering information on different parenting strategies during her research, Lareau discovered personality trait differences between their social classes. Children in the lower class showed fear of authority, but more creativity and independence over the upper class. Laureau was quoted in an interview saying “Middle-class parents actively foster children’s talents, opinions, and skills: enrolling children in organized activities, reasoning with children (i.e., answering questions with questions), and closely monitoring children’s experiences in institutions such as schools. Through this pattern of concerted cultivation, middle-class children gain an emerging sense of entitlement” (University California Press 2). However, children in

Whether it 's noticeable or not, the way in which siblings are born can have massive impacts on their lives. Many characteristics set aside by the concept of birth order are known to us already, such as a parent liking one sibling more than the other, parents being more lenient with one sibling, etc. We are able to pick out a person as being the only child or the youngest of the bunch just by talking to them for even a couple of minutes. With this in mind, it’s reasonable to believe that the order you’re born in shows in your personality. But surprisingly, it can also affect how you live and prosper throughout life. This idea that birth order controls how you are going to end up can be seen in the screen adaptations to Tennessee Williams’ plays Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and A Streetcar Named Desire. Gooper and Blanche, the eldest siblings in the movies respectively, are shown as taking on the burden of their families whereas Brick and Stella, the youngest siblings in the movies respectively, seem to be able to do as they please. Over the course of these two movies, we are able to see these characters fit into their stereotyped birth order characteristics, while also seeing their growth in either out of them or deeper into what they’ve become because of it.

The author cites the example of Lizz Winstead, co-creator of the famous comedy show, “The Daily Show” Lizz Winstead was the youngest sibling in a family of five children with extremely conservative upbringing. That advantage of being the youngest, as Lizz is, has its share of advantages. One can be like a rebel and not really seek permission. Lizz took the plunge into things far from being conservative, the same leeway, the elder siblings possibly did not have when they were growing up. Similarly, to get attention or to be noticed, Lizz would have to stand out or make efforts to be really heard above the others. The author goes onto explain, that being later in the order of birth, leads to a situation where in the younger ones end up facing lax rules and get away with things that the elder siblings might not have got away

Cognitive abilities consist of basic brain-based skills to carry out simplistic everyday tasks. These tasks can range from remembering names ( of people, places, things etc) to complex problem-solving. Other tasks include the machinisms of learning and paying attention. These abilities are required so the child can build their own perception of the world in which they live. Middle childhood involves the transitioning of children from dependent preschoolers to young individuals with an understanding of their relationships and environment.Their ideas become more conceptual, their way of behaving and emotions become more stable and their decisions more independent. During the period of middle childhood, children gain cognitive control, with an enhanced ability to react selectively to incentives and start to process and comprehend material

For Robert middle childhood is the time in which he begins to learn to control and adjust his emotional reactions. This area of development also works to help Robert in being able to read others reactions around them. He seems to be struggling in controlling his emotions, this could be due to the fact of moving schools as well as struggling assimilating into a new school with a different type of curriculum. He emotionally seems to be withdrawn and this appears to be affecting his ability to learn in his classrooms.’’’’’’’

Identify any psychosocial conflicts that may be present and the transitions related to middle childhood that may be considered.

This concept has a significant effect on the style of life which Adler explains is the attitude in which one takes towards their life. (Maltby, 2010.pg.44). Birth order is a prominent aspect in psychoanalysis that is still relevant today, it helps to explain a great deal about the behaviour one displays and their personality. In reference to the Universal movie "Thor" (2011), the character of "Loki" exhibits the main characteristics of the youngest child. He is manipulative towards his parents and older brother in order to get what he wants. (www.Marvel.com)Youngest children like to push boundaries to see what they can get away with, but at the same time they have a need for praise in the things that they do. They are in constant competition to be the same or better than their older siblings almost to say that they are just as able and worthy of the independence given to the older child. Robert Lundin (1998) stated that "youngest children strive to excel and to surpass the older ones to become the conquering hero". (Lundin, 1998) Pg. 65) Adler suggested that the order that one comes in the family can have an impact on their personality because of their realisation of an inferiority that has come to light in their mind which in turn can lead to neurosis. (Adler, 1927 as cited in Maltby, 2010). Pg.

The first article communicates that birth order has an effect on personality and achievement. One of the things that these researchers noticed is that there are many differences between family designs such as social class, parental personality, and sibling size. However, they do not attempt to control this as much because they feel it takes away from the natural control of the study. Their predictions were that first born (FBs) would be more conscientious and achieving while later born (LBs) would be perceived as more liberal, agreeable, and rebellious. They collected 4 within family data sets by asking respondents to compare themselves to their siblings on various personality and achievement dimensions. In study one, students from the University of California, Berkeley were asked to nominate the rebel and the achiever in their families. Study 2 also had the same

Second is the birth order theory. It is possible that birth order can also be a factor for fraternity involvement. According to Adler's birth theory; he believed that oldest child often compensates through social engagement to satisfy the need for affirmation. The second and middle child may grow to be more competitive, rebellious and consistent in attempting to be best. Middle child may struggle with figuring out their place in the family and, later, in the world (Swanson, 2014).

There can be many differences between the first child, middle child, and last child because of the order they were born. Kevin Leman, Ph.D., the author of The Birth Order Book, notes that “Firstborns take the lead from their parents, they like taking charge and are bursting with confidence”(“Is the oldest” 1). Firstborns tend to be bossy and like to be in charge. Statistically, more firstborns are leaders around the world in positions, like U.S. presidents, British prime ministers and chief executives, than expected (Blair 1). The middle child, however, tries to be different from their older sibling and “focus their energies in areas where the first-born hasn’t been particularly successful” (Blair 3).

“The youngest child gets everything.” I could not agree any less with this phrase when I first heard of it. Being the youngest in my family, I can openly relate. Every child would know the kind of ‘power’ their youngest sibling has over them. Therefore, I am guilty for taking advantage of this privilege against my older brother and sister when I was little. To begin with, I purposely placed both of them in trouble whenever they made me cry. Ideally, I was a spoiled and stubborn child who treasured those moments whenever I was my family’s center of attention. Moreover, I used to believe my life was perfect, well that was before my parents told me that I was going to have a younger sister.

According to Adlerian theory, only children take on the characteristics of both the firstborn and the youngest. Showered with attention by their parents, only children of ten expect to be universally admired. Yet they learn to rely on

When children are treated differently by parents because of their children’s birth order, children tend to suffered from inferiority or superiority. Some children develop low self-esteem or depression because they feel unwanted by parents or siblings. In some cases, some parents have a motive and encourage home environment that allows their children to feel confident and they don’t feel like competing towards their siblings. Also, some children are treated by

The order in which a person is born into their family plays substantial role in the individual’s development of personality. Birth order is believed to influence many aspects of one’s personality. The familial atmosphere is the first group experience a child has and the child’s role in their family influences the development of the child’s individual personality traits. In families, children learn what is valuable and meaningful to their parents and siblings and they compete with their siblings for various roles before they find their personal niche in the family (Stewart et al., 2001). As children are socialized into their families, the children make a place for themselves and no two children make a place for themselves exactly alike. Adler (Weiten, 1998), best known for his theories regarding striving for superiority, was one of the first in the field of psychology to theorize about the differences birth order can make. Adler had a successful older brother, but Adler was weak as a child and thus was most likely affected with the desire to assert himself and prove his worth. Adler’s theory stressed the social aspect of personality development and therefore proposed the possibility of birth order and its significance in the interpersonal relationships of family life. He felt that each position in the order, whether first or last, had distinct characteristics.

This could potentially leave these high standards that the other children or younger child believe in order to achieve the success they will have to do something similar to achieve that recognition. This process is when parents label their children. Parents often reinforce those differences because they want to encourage self-esteem in each child and also fear that the second or third child may not be as skilled as the first child. Labeling also causes children to assume they are not good at whatever another sibling is best at.The oldest child may be burdened with responsibilities for the younger children or the younger child spends his life trying to catch up with an older sibling