Dynamic Disease Of The Urinary Expression : A Case Study

Urine is produced in the kidneys and transferred to the bladder via the ureter (McCance 1350). Once the urine reaches the bladder, it is expelled through the urethra. (McCance 1350). Bacteria

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is currently a common issue among house cats in the United States. Feline lower urinary tract disease is a term used to describe the formation of urinary crystals and stones found in the bladder, ureter, urethra, and kidneys. Nutrition and diet have been proven to play an integral role in cause, prevention, and treatment of FLUTD. Understanding the role and balance of magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium in the diet can help owners make better dietary choices to prevent and manage FLUTD.

3. The reason that the doctor asks for a serological (blood serum) test now and to repeat the test in four weeks is because the serological test tests for Antibodies which defend the body against some bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other foreign substances which are called antigens. Certain cells of the immune system cause the body to produce antibodies during an active infection.

The two types of urinary tract infections are infection of the bladder (Cystitis) and infection of the urethra (urethritis). Cystitis is a type of UTI which is caused by Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria that is normally found in the gastrointestinal tract (www.webmd.com). Although sexual intercourse can cause this type of urinary tract infection, it doesn’t necessarily mean that you have to be sexually active to develop it. Every female is at risk for this type of UTI due to the shortness of distance from the urethral opening to the bladder and the urethra to the anus.

The chronic infection can be diagnosed by most common methods i.e. indirect hemaagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence

Most urinary tract infections are primarily caused by bacteria that live in the bowel region of the body. The bacterium Escherichia coli, commonly referred to as “E. coli”, causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act as only one way valves to prevent urine from moving back up toward the kidneys. Urination is intended to wash microbes and any infectious bacteria out of the body. In males, the prostate gland produces secretions that slow down bacterial growth in the urinary tract. In both woman and men, immune defenses try to prevent infections, but despite these safety procedures put in place by the body, infections still do occur in some individuals.

Not only does the care impact the effects of contracting a CAUTI, but also so does the equipment used. One key intervention is the use of a closed, sterile urinary drainage system (Potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall, 2017, p. 1121). Once entering the urethra the environment is sterile and needs to stay sterile to prevent infection. When a catheter is placed, the drainage bag needs to be drained when half full, the perineal care needs to be done regularly and the catheter needs to be cared for at a minimum of every 8 hours (Potter et al., 2017). It is key that even when placing a catheter with perfect sterile technique, that the care afterwards is also important to preventing

In the lab immunology and testing plays a big role in helping doctors helps patients. Many test done within the lab use specific types of test to rule in or out certain diseases and infections. These tests use patient’s antibodies or antigens to help detect if they are infected. The tests are done to be able to give to quick diagnosis of the patient so that they may be treated correctly and with speed. Some of the testing that is done within the lab help doctors deal with such things as syphilis, rheumatoid arthritis, Group A strep and various other infections. In this paper I will discuss and cover signs and symptoms of each disease, how the disease works and how to treat each one.

The urinary tract naturally flushes away bacteria that are present in the urethra. However, an abundance of bacteria present can overcome the flushing power of the urinary tract and begin to grow. There are species of non-pathogenic bacteria that inhabit the urinary tract and result in no symptoms for the individual. A problem arises when pathogenic bacteria enter the urinary tract and are not flushed away, this results in a urinary tract infection (UTI) (Foxman and Schaeffer, 2011).

Pyelonephritis is the inflammation of the kidney that is mostly caused by a bacterial infection, which leads to scarring of the kidney. It is a form of a urinary tract infection (UTI) one instance may lead to substantial renal damage, kidney failure, abscess formation, sepsis, septic shock, and the failure of multiple organs. The infection typically begins in the urethra or bladder and travels up into the kidneys, where it could potentially harm the organs and even the life of the infected individual. Although bacteria usually reach the kidney by rising from the lower urinary tract, it may also reach the kidney through the bloodstream.

P. mirabilis is commonly associated with urinary tract infections. The infection begins when the organism moves from urethra to the urinary bladder. Urinary tract infections caused by P. mirabilis are mostly found in patients under long-term catherization. Other groups of patients that are at high risks of the diseases include; those patients with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, patients with recurrent infections and patients whose infections were acquired in the hospital or long-term care facilities.

Renal system main organ is kidney. Kidney filters bloods to excrete waste product from the blood, then the waste product eliminate in the body in the form of urine. There are many renal disorders that is cure or treatment with medication. I would like to discuss about Pyelonephritis. “Blockage anywhere in the urinary tract can lead to backflow problems and the spread of bladder infections into the kidney” (Karch, 2013, p. 873) To go in details, Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvic. Pyelonephritis can be acute in which the bacterial infection that mostly coming from lower urinary tract or sometimes from bloodstream. While, Chronic Pyelonephritis is identified by renal inflammation and fibrosis caused by recurrent

These infections of the urinary tract must be diagnosed quickly and treated

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections encountered in outpatient clinic. Urine stores in bladder and is sterile. When pathogenic microorganisms present in the urinary tract with concomitant symptoms, people develop UTIs. In USA, UTIs account for 8 million doctor visits, 1 million emergency room visits, and more than 100,000 hospital admissions each year (Domino, Baldor, Golding, and Stephens, 2015). In women, 11% of them have UTIs in any given year, more than 50% of them have at least one UTI in their lifetime, and 1 in 4 women have recurrent UTIs (Domino, Baldor, Golding, and Stephens, 2015). Most of UTIs are uncomplicated and occur in young and sexually active women (Domino, Baldor, Golding, and Stephens, 2015). The most common cause of uncomplicated UTIs in women is Escherichia coli due to women has short length of urethra and is

Although the diagnosis is usually performed with serologic tests, the authors rightly state that up to 50% of infected individuals may present with negative serology. This fact is important to accentuate, as large numbers of clinicians still seek serologic confirmation of their working diagnosis.