Dynamic Gait Index

Multiple campaigns have begun to bring awareness to falls and fall prevention. Lifestyles and changes at home can be made to help older adults live a more active, healthy and independent life. By making these changes older adults are making their quality of life better as they continue to age (“New Campaign,” 2016). Older adults should try to understand what factors put them at risk for falling. Researchers have determined the best way to prevent falls, and have identified programs that aid in fall prevention. Though not all risks can be eliminated, a plan to recognize and reduce risks can be developed with a medical provider. There are various physical activity programs that focus on increasing balance and mobility skills to reduce falls. Changes to reduce hazards in the home and community can help a person in fulfilling their daily activities (Basics of Fall Prevention, 2016). There are multiple causes that can lead to a fall, but weak muscles and poor balance contribute to most falls (Gardner et al., 1999).

Physiotherapists can carry out assessments on patients using falls risk assessment tools (FRAT). FRATS use questions and observations to categorise patients as low, moderate or high falls risks (Miedany, Gaafary, Toth, Palmer & Ahmed, 2011) and identify the necessary level of intervention needed. Wong-Shee, Phillips & Hill 's (2012) research promotes the use of the TNH-STRATIFY falls score assessment tool. The TNH-STRATIFY has an extensive question list, identifying more falls risk factors. Wong-Shee et al 's. (2012) research suggests the TNH-STRAITFY has high inter-rater reliability with an excellent intra-class correlation score of 0.96. 1 is deemed a perfect score (Hallgen, 2012). The high inter-rater reliability score adds statistical power to the research regarding the use of TNH-STRATIFY due to consistency of the tool used on consecutive patients (Hallgren, 2012). Although the two raters of the tool scored high intra-class correlation scores contributing to high inter-rater reliability, the tools predictive risk factor specificity rating scored only moderately, with 0.52 (Wong-Shee et al., 2012). For FRATS to be considered as having a high level of predictive risk accuracy the predictive specificity rating needs to be greater than 0.7 (Myers, 2003). This moderate rating of accuracy significantly limits the TNH-STRATIFY 's use in clinical practice. This is due to the fact that although the tool rates highly for reliable use between clinicians, the risk factor

The name of this articles is a multifactorial intervention for the prevention of falls in psychogeriatric nursing home patients, a randomised controlled trial (RCT).the objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention on incidences of falls in the nursing home setting. The aunthers did a great job of explained how can deal and prevent falls in the nursing homes .the research involved 12 nursing home is randomise controlled a 12-month trial.

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of a 10-week core stability training program on balance in female with Multiple Sclerosis with emphasis on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

A case history approach was used to illustrate how to treat and identify modifiable risk factors associated with falls and reducing the risk of harm when risks remain. Whilst falls are multifactorial, some risk factors are more common than others such as acute illness, undiagnosed disease, long-term conditions when condition is worsening, poor nutrition and hydration, visual problems, postural hypotension, continence,

Article One: Jung-Hyun, C. & Nyeon-Jun, K. (2015). The Effects of Balance Training and Ankle Training on the Gait of Elderly People who have Fallen. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(1), 139-142.

Falls are the most frequent and devastating accidents in older adult (WHO, 2004). There are different interpretations related to falls. For instance, according to healthcare professions fall is an event leading to ill health and injuries, whereas older adults define it as a loss of balance (Zecevic et al., 2006). Approximately, 28% to 35% older adults age 65 years and older fall each year (WHO, 2007). Around 85% of these falls occurs in the home among older adults living independently (Tideiksaar, 1987). Falls accounts for 40% of all fatal injuries (Rubenstein, 2006). Fall is a reason for 25% of all hospital admissions, 40% of all nursing home admissions and 40% of those admitted do not return to independent living (Learn not to fall,

Vivanti, Ward & Haines’ (2011) article focused on falls, mobility and nutrition status and was conducted in a Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitation Unit (GARU). Study length was 6 month, history of falls from patient was collected and in ward tests and questionnaires were conducted by relevant health professionals within 72 hours of

The Single Leg Stance (SLS) and the Timed UP and Go test will be used to evaluate the risk of falling because both tests evaluate balance, which can determine risk for falls. As balance decreases, the risk for

Topic- Falls are a common and serious problem in older individuals with or without neurological condition (Pai, Bhatt, Yang & Wang, 2014).

People with Parkinson’s disease can have issues with balance, strength, and posture, which can lead to falls. When one declines, it can result in reduced quality of life for the patient. Fear of falling can increase falls. Exercising on a regular basis can help decrease the number of falls with patients who have Parkinson’s disease. Evidence shows benefits when working with physical therapy in an exercise program reduces the number of falls. An exercise routine that improves balance is called speed-dependent treadmill training (SDTT). Patients use a treadmill to improve their stepping pattern, in return, improves their balance. If the patients do not exercise regularly, they may increase their risk of falling. Balance tools are used to see if patients are in danger of falling. Some of the balance tools are the Mini-Best test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB). Using these tools can help the nurses see if there are interventions needed. Outcomes can improve balance and quality of life.

The risk of falling dramatically increases as one ages. According to Menant et al, a fall is defined as an “unexpected event in which the person comes to the ground, floor, or lower level”. In this study conducted by Menant et al, the authors desired to distinguish certain factors that may contribute to falls associated with the elderly.

Within today’s society we are noticing a strong aging population and with this comes a number of issues, including being able to maintain a healthy active lifestyle. One major issue amongst this is falls. A fall can be defined as “unintentially coming to rest on the ground or other lower level with or without loss of consciousness” (Bell, Talbot- Stern, & Hennessey, 2000) . “Older adults are a group characterized by marked diversity along such dimensions as age, health status, functional abilities, cognitive abilities, socioeconomic status, and race and ethnicity” (Wilcox ,2016) . Between all the countries the number of falls vary in the elderly, an aging population globally means older adults are becoming the dominant source

Swee Geok Lim, (2016) also stated that patient falls have been recognized as one of the main issues in today’s health care in spite of efforts taken in preventing such incidents from happening. Patient falls can be prevented by means of fall risk assessment tools. The risk assessment tools are used to assess patients who are at risk for fall by identifying the fall prevention resources of the patients. It was recommended to implement a patient fall prevention program with the target of 10% reduction or more of patient falls each year. Morse Fall Scale is an example of risk assessment

20.5% of the subjects experienced one or more falls during their rehabilitation and the difference between bilateral and unilateral amputees was not mentioned. These incidences represent, as do the surgical patients, a group which is at a particularly high risk of falling. However, it can be shown that the falling incidence is higher in the amputee inpatient rehabilitation population than the reported incidence in that of the surgical ward. This deviation can be explained by the fact that the postoperative amputees are less mobile than their rehabilitation counterparts because of their need to recover from the surgery [12]. So, in order to compare between the two incidences, the distinguished mobility of the two different populations should