Dysarthria Essay

Swallowing problems (dysphagia) occur when solids and liquids seem to stick in a person's throat on the way down to the stomach, or when food takes longer to get to the stomach.

198). When implementing an intervention approach for individuals with cerebral palsy, the clinician should use a team approach, balanced interventions, and plan ahead for adulthood. Intervention teams for individuals with cerebral palsy are often larger than those with other developmental disabilities. Due to the wide variety of motor impairments within this population, the interdisciplinary team should include occupational therapists, physical therapists, orthotics specialists, rehabilitation engineers, speech-language pathologist, family members, teachers, and the primary care physician (Beukelman & Mirenda, 2013, p.205). Taking into account Marvie’s age, we chose a speech and communication software that would accommodate her long-term interpersonal, academic, employment demands (Beukelman & Mirenda, 2013, p.206).

With a very young child, they may not coo or babble during infancy, produce first words late and lack some sounds, only produce a few different consonant and vowel sounds, have difficulty combining sounds, avoid using difficult sounds by replacing or deleting them, and experience eating problems. In older children, common signs are that they can comprehend language much easier than they can produce it, struggle more with language production when anxious, are hard to understand, sound choppy and monotonous, seem to grope to produce certain sounds, and have difficulty imitating speech, though they are more fluid and clear with imitation than with spontaneous production. At any age, a child may portray delayed language development, issues with expressive language, fine motor impairments, hypersensitivity, hyposensitivity, and difficulty learning to write (“Childhood Apraxia,” 2011). Other reported possible symptoms of CAS include extended reliance on nonverbal communication and omission of consonant sounds in the initial and final positions of words (“Apraxia: Symptoms, Causes,” n.d.).

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) is the complete immobility of one vocal fold. According to Sapienza and Ruddy (2013), “90% of vocal fold paralysis that occurs is unilateral and caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system” (p. 189). Vocal fold paralysis is typically considered a symptom of a disease or neurologic disruption. In one study, it was found that vocal fold paralysis was caused by surgical trauma, tumors or neoplasms, unknown or idiopathic factors, trauma, central nervous system dysfunction, radiation, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and other causes (Chen, Jen, Wang, Lee, & Lin, 2007). Symptoms of unilateral vocal fold paralysis may include: aphonia, abnormal vocal quality (breathy, hoarse, and/or strained), and dysphagia. Onset of UVFP may be life altering as the individual has to find compensatory strategies for voicing or even alternative methods of communication. The individual is also left susceptible to aspiration due to the lack of airway protection. These factors make it critical to diagnose the impairment so as to provide the appropriate treatment.

Dyslexia is a lifelong struggle with constant challenges with reading and speaking. About five to ten percent of the United States population deals with the learning disorder dyslexia (Van den Honert, n.d.). It is a neurological condition that is mainly caused by genetics but there are some rare cases in which it is acquired. Dyslexia interrupts the normal processes of reading and speaking (Van den Honert, n.d.). All of which are used in daily life and this makes life and school so much harder for dyslexics. They must learn to live with the condition for their entire life and there is not really a treatment for it. With the constant struggle and reminder of their

In the research article “The Use of Electropalatography (EPG) in the Assessment and Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders in Children with Down’s Syndrome: Evidence from Two Case Studies,” the authors, S. Wood, J. Wishart, W. Hardcastle, J. Cleland, and C. Timmins, discuss the use of Electropalatography therapy on children who have Down’s syndrome. However, the main purpose of the article is to discuss the outcomes of the two case studies involving the efficacy of EPG therapy on individuals with Down’s syndrome and to accentuate why this therapy is useful and effective (Wood et al., 2009). The authors stated that these test “provide more objective, laryngeal and respiratory activities involved in speech and are better able to represent the continuous nature of speech events” (Wood et al., 2009). The authors focused mainly on answering the question why Electropalatography therapy should be used on individuals who are diagnosed with mental retardation whom already experience problems

The objective of the therapy secession that took place on February 4, 2016 was to work on articulation and voice with E.S, who was eight years and five months. The severity of ES’s articulation and voice diagnosis was mild. The Clinician who led this therapy secession was Kasten. E.S was well behaved and engaged. She asked questions, and demonstrated knowledge of the objectives by acknowledging when she did something wrong and how she could correct it.

emerge overs couple of weeks to month, beginning with one joint then will be accompanied by other prodromal signs like loss of appetite (anorexia), weakness, or fatigue. In approximately 15% of patients, onset appear more rapidly in couple of days to some weeks. In 8% to 15% of patients, sign start in some few days of a specific inciting event, such as an infectious illness.

As previously reported, Ms. Noid referred herself for a voice evaluation because of a chronic, persistent dysphonia characterized by “severe hoarseness and breathiness.” She had a recent ENT report indicating a “left adductor vocal cord paralysis” which is paralyzed in the intermediate position. Furthermore, she has reported that her symptoms have persisted for 18 months, eliminating the possibility of an idiopathic etiology. After completing a voice evaluation, recommendations for medical clearance would include evaluations performed by a laryngologist, neurologist, and/or evaluations performed by professionals who would be part of the client’s medical team. The recommendation for treatment options would be begin by educating the client, and providing her with behavioral and medical treatment options. Furthermore, Ms. Noid would be informed with the benefits and potential side effects of the various treatments.

Gastrointestinal diseases are very common in different populations, and many physicians spend a great deal of time and energy to treat these disorders carefully worldwide (Pasalar). Dyspepsia consists of a heterogeneous group of symp¬toms that are localized in the epigastric region, and can be broadly defined as pain or discomfort that is centered in the upper abdomen (particularly the epigastrium) (nature). Functional dyspepsia, a relapsing and remitting disorder, is the most common cause of these symptoms (nejm).

This study examined the effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment, (LSVT LOUD), in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and dysarthria. Five children between the ages of 5 and 7 with a medical diagnosis of predominantly spastic CP were chosen. Additional criteria included: dysarthria, hearing within normal limits, no vocal fold pathology, ability to follow directions, and stable medications. A group of typically developing, sex, and age matched children were also recruited to allow for direct comparison. The children were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions with varying baseline durations. The conditions all included 16 treatment sessions for 1 hour, on 4 consecutive days for 4 consecutive weeks by an expert LSVT LOUD

Furthermore, the contrast whether dysarthria disorders of CP, if they occur, correlates to the corresponding dysarthria disorders acquired in adulthood. Additionally, CP adults have a past of extremely compromised motor speech acquisition; their disorder types could differ from the types identified in populations with dysarthria. As such Schölderle et al., (2013) set out to identify the different pathologies of motor speech disorder affecting adulthood acquired dysarthria and cerebral palsy and the relations to corresponding with the two.

Poor speech impairs communication and is often interpreted as a sign of cognitive impairment, which can be very frustrating to children with cerebral palsy, especially the majority who have average to above average intelligence. Sensory and motor discrepancies are important factors that need to be of concern during speech therapy (Hoberman & Hoberman 1960). Children that

The voice is an individual’s main mode of communicating his or her wants, needs, and emotions among other things. Each individual’s voice is different, depending on whether the individual is male or female, and ranges in pitch and loudness. The voice is something that defines an individual as a person by helping shape the person’s overall personality and attitude. However, there are many factors that may cause an individual’s voice to be affected. According to Verdolini and colleagues (2006), the “Classification Manual for Voice Disorders I describes seven distinct causal classifications which include laryngeal problems related to structural (1) pathologies, (2) inflammatory conditions, and (3) trauma or injury; (4)systemic conditions, (5) nonlaryngeal aero digestive disorders, (6) psychiatric-psychological disorders, and (7) neurological disorders”. Due to such a broad definition of what a voice disorder is, it is difficult to determine the incidence and prevalence of voice disorders. Most normative data includes information on individuals with occupations that require them to use their voice more than the average person, such as teachers, speech pathologists, and even singers (Boone et al., 2014). The purpose of this paper will be to provide background information on one causation of a neurological voice disorder—vocal fold paralysis, describe the diagnostic process for assessing a voice disorder, and describe the treatments available for the types of vocal fold paralysis.

Children with verbal dyspraxia find it hard to learn to talk. Babies use only a few sounds when they babble. They have difficulty learning to make all the sounds they need to talk and putting them together. They will then have trouble trying to put all the sounds in words and joining words into longer words and sentences. When very severe, people with dyspraxia may remain non-verbal and need to use a different communication system such as signing or picture exchange, or a high tech AAC device. Most children, however, can be helped to talk by Speech