Dysphagia Research Paper

Research has highlighted that stroke is one of the primary causes of dysphagia in the elderly population (Christmas 2002). Physiological implications such as aspiration are some of the difficulties that stroke-induced dysphagia can cause. Thickening-liquids, a form of intervention involving modification of the bolus, is frequently mentioned in the literature for reduction of the risk of aspiration in dysphagic post-stroke patients. Despite being a popular compensatory method of intervention, research has shed light on some of the potential disadvantages of thickeners usage such as increased dehydration (which is likely due to decreased fluid intake) and the impact on the patient’s quality of life. This leads health professionals

Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that causes shortness of breath. The most common conditions make up COPD. Involving damage to the air sacs. When the air sacs are damaged or destroyed, their walls break down and the sacs get bigger. The larger the air sacs moves less oxygen into the blood. This will cause your body to not get the oxygen that is needed.

About 45,000 new cases of head and neck cancers are occurring every year in United States. Among them, estimated 20% are human papilloma virus (HPV) infected cancers. The tonsil, base of tongue and lingual tonsil, other potentially HPV-associated oropharynx, oral tongue, other oral cavity, larynx, and other HPV-unrelated oropharynx are all to be considered to be different part of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the study (Ryerson et al., 2008).

The patient was a female, 95 years of age. In the beginning of July 2013, she frequently choked during a meal and we examined her with deglutition endoscope.

From what I have understood, I would say the contributing factors for dysphagia would have been because she has suffered from a stroke that has possibly contributed in the difficulty to chew or swallow foods and liquids, that may have been the lead cause of her malnutrition. Ignatavicius, & Workman (2016) found “studies indicate that as many as 50% of patients are malnourished at 2 to 3 weeks after a severe stroke” (p.942).

Among the most common symptoms of gastrointestinal reflux, heartburn comes to the fore, because it is a sharp pain that quickly radiates from the epigastrium to the throat, then rolling in different body parts such as the legs and arms. Many patients suffer from these symptoms that are often intermittent and develop within one hour after the lunch was served. Regurgitation and vomiting are also been recorded in many cases. Other symptoms may also be part of gastrointestinal reflux, such as dysphagia, cough reflex, and respiratory disease. The severity of injuries caused by gastrointestinal reflux is determined primarily by the disease process, when the patients have been subject to repeated attacks.

Cancer of the head and neck are diagnosed each year with a high incidence of laryngeal cancer. Maddox and Davies (2012) reported that, “The estimated number of Laryngectomies performed in 1997 was 5,038, this number dropped steadily to a low of 2,966 in 2006 and then rose slightly in 2008 to 3,414”.Men and women both seek surgery to alleviate the problem. Total laryngectomy is undertaken in as many as 50% of patients with a relative survival rate of 52% with no significant

On physical examination, She was alert and well oriented. She was ambulant and walked on her own. Her

A study done by Medical University of South Carolina discuss the cost for a year of patient after suffering a stroke. This study was conducted by Bonilha H., Simpson A., Ellis C., Mauldin P., Martin-Harris B., and Simpson K. who find out that the cost of a year for a person with Dysphagia was $58,024.

Individuals with Emphysema are vulnerable to air pollution which can lead to worsening of their health. Emphysema which contributes to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a medical condition that affects the lungs by damaging the air sacs or alveoli. It leads to a decreased surface area in the lungs, causing decreased oxygen reaching the bloodstream. This creates for shortness of breath and fatigue that can lead to interfering with activities of daily life. It’s primarily caused by cigarette smoking and usually occurs in those in their late 40’s. Medications that include Bronchodilators and Inhaled Steroids help relieve symptoms of emphysema by reducing inflammation and thus relaxing constricted airways in the lung. Exposure to air pollution,

The esophagus is a tube composed of tissue and smooth muscle, approximately 10 inches long and 1 inch in diameter, which transports ingested material to the stomach (Kahrilas 2016). Where the stomach and esophagus meet, there is a 1.0-1.5 inch long ring of smooth muscle known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which opens and closes, allowing for movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach (Herbella 2010). Most people experience gastric juices escaping into their esophagus very occasionally, such as after very large meals or consuming high fat, spicy or acidic foods (Kahrilas 2016); however, if this results in tissue damage, or other harmful and/or painful symptoms, it may be classified as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

The Institute of Medicine has conducted research within the last 15 years that resulted in the conclusion that cancer patients who have trouble with sever nausea often have a difficult time swallowing and keeping

·     A sore that does not heal (the lack of the body to fight off diseases)

At our center, the registry of year 2011 recorded 1106 new cases of head and neck cancer which constitute about 24.7% of total registered patients. The common malignancies registered were carcinoma of tongue: 287 (25.94%), Buccal mucosa: 254 (22.96%),palate:84(7.5%),Lip:60(5.4%),GingivoBuccalSulcus:69(6.2%), Alveolus:31(2.8%) ,Tonsil: 160 (14.46%), laryngopharynx: 66 (5.9%), nasopharynx: 24 (2.16%) and post cricoid

Another problem that arises in head and neck patients is that of malnutrition and weight loss. They are particularly at risk of developing nutritional problems. Many patients with head and neck cancer have histories of high alcohol intake, tobacco use and poor dietary habits. Malnutrition often when alcohol is involved. Patients nutritional needs should be assessed and patients at high risk of