E. Alabamae Case Study

In 1817, Congress divided the Mississippi Territory into two parts. The eastern part was set up as the Alabama Territory. President James Monroe appointed Dr. William Wyatt Bibb, of Georgia, Governor of the Alabama Territory. The first Alabama territorial legislature met at St. Stephen 's, located in Washington County, Alabama. As it 's first official act, a petition was sent to the National Congress asking that the Federal Government give financial aid to internal improvements. The Alabama Territory had a short life, for it was organized merely as a step towards statehood. On March 2, 1819, Congress authorized the territorial legislature to make arrangements for a constitutional convention to draw up a constitution for a proposed state of Alabama.

Many species vital to ensuring that today’s environment will thrive are becoming extinct. If a species is slowly dwindling, and in imminent danger of becoming nonexistent, this species is considered to be endangered. “One in four mammals, one in eight birds, one third of all amphibians and 70% of the world’s assessed plants on the… IUCN Red List are in jeopardy” (IUCN, 2016). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, or IUCN, upwards of 16,000 species are threatened with extinction, including both plants and animals (IUCN, 2016). Before becoming endangered, a species will show warning signs, either by starting to lose biological diversity or by losing the habitats for that species to flourish in, or in the worst case, both. The word endangered can sometimes be confused with threatened, extirpated, or extinct. Extirpated refers to the state of a species where its population has died out in a certain area or range, but other populations of said species still exist elsewhere (Olden, Julian D., 2008). When a species is considered threatened, or vulnerable, this refers to the state of the species being susceptible to endangerment and extinction (“Extinction crisis escalates”). So if a species is threatened, the first signs of endangerment come along, which are similar signs to that of a species in danger of becoming threatened, including lack of genetic diversity, or overhunting may be evident. (“Extinction crisis escalates”). When a species is labelled

Yes, each state should apply the Supreme Court ruling of Miller v. Alabama retroactively. There were two cases reviewed by the Supreme Court that determined their ruling. Evan Miller and his friend Colby Smith robbed, assaulted, and murdered Cole Cannon on July 15, 2003. Miller and Smith, age fourteen had been drinking and doing drugs the night the incident occurred. Miller and Cannon got into a fight over Miller stealing money from Cannon that lead to Miller repeatedly striking him with a baseball bat. After placing a sheet on Cannon and before striking him in the head for the last time, Miller states “I am God, I’ve come to take your life” (“Supreme Court”, 2011). To destroy the evidence, Miller and Smith set Cannon’s trailer on fire and left him to die.

On the state level, group member Alexandria Morgan attended the House Ways and Means General Fund Committee meeting to gain additional knowledge on the state budgeting process. The main budget rules in the State of Alabama are derived from the State Constitution and State Statutes. Alabama faces a requirement to balance the budget. It has an annual session, annual budget, with an October to September fiscal year. Alabama made the switch from biennial to annual appropriations in 1975. The governor is required to summit to the legislature a balanced budget, which is comprised of two major state budgets, the Education Trust Fund and the General Fund.

Montgomery vs Louisiana case referres to juveniles who obtain life sentence must be allowed parole opportunities. Additionally, the Miller v. Alabama's is basically implemented retroactively to Montgomery vs Louisiana. The Miller v. Alabama ruling concludes that juveniles acquiring “life without parole “is unconstitutional. These sentences include incidences such as homicide conducted by a juvenile delinquent. In addition, life without parole violates the “Eighth Amendment”. This amendment implies “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted” (Legal Information Institution). Therefore, Montgomery vs Louisiana was significant since juvenile delinquents fail acquiring fully developed brains until age twenty-five. Furthermore, juveniles obtaining life sentences must be reviewed for parole.

Miller was 14 years old when he committed his crime. He was ultimately found guilty of capital murder and given a life without parole sentence. Miller was denied a series of appeals on the state level, so his counsel filed a writ of certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court, which granted the case to be reviewed in November 2011. On June 25, 2012, the Supreme Court officially ruled that mandatory life without parole sentences for juveniles convicted of homicide are unconstitutional. However, it doesn’t forbid judges from sentencing young defendants to life without parole if mitigating factors are reviewed. The decision applies to all offenders who are under the age of 18. Miller v. Alabama represents the latest in a series of recent Supreme Court

In the Miller v, Alabama, there are a lot of different things to consider. This was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders I will discuss the facts, issues, and court holding in two cases. Both of these case are crucial in us understanding the case of Miller v. Alabama. The other case that I will discuss is Jackson v, Hobbs case, and Jackson is a 14 year old boy that just like Miller got sentenced to life without parole. The court's decision was based on these two consolidated cases. Also, I will attempt to address the Constitutional issues the Supreme Court faced in reaching its decision in the case

The Alabama Education Association (AEA) is located in Montgomery, Alabama and is the largest education association within the state. Currently serving over 104,000 members, this professional organization was formed to represent the teachers of public schools. The AEA is the voice of teachers and ensure fairness, proper representation, and strives for excellence within Alabama’s schools. Along with providing various professional development opportunities, the AEA serves as advocates for teachers, provides member benefits, and fights endless battles against state legislature to support teachers serving in public school systems. Throughout the years, AEA has been able to help get various laws passed in the state of Alabama. Some of these laws

The chances of winning a lottery have the same odds as being stuck by lighting on a clear day. Yet, the Alabama legislature is working on a bill that would offer its citizens the opportunity to vote for or against the lottery. Approving the lottery will not assure an answer to Alabama‘s economic problems or resolve problems the General Funds budget is facing. This writer’s purpose will provide reasons that a lottery is not a quick fix, and could create accumulating problems for the citizens Alabama.

Though it may seem that the issue of species revival through a means of genetic science is a modern idea, similar arguments throughout the past also hold relevance to the modern issue of genetic species revival. To better understand the issue as it becomes more prevalent, it is important to examen different perspectives that span many centuries time, generating new insight on the issue. Examining different perspectives on the perceived human influences on species extinction vs. natural law and lack of adaptability, and give a determination on the ethical implications to society and ecology from the above arguments and philosophies from each viewpoint. Through these key statements, the arguments on genetic species revival can be

Public education is under funded, especially in the state of Alabama. I attended public school in the state of Alabama so I experienced it first hand. Low funds for the arts department and many of the science experiments are just some of the areas that are affected by the low funding. In the 2012-2013 school years, Alabama had over 744,637 students enrolled in a total of 1,637 schools. Alabama’s school funding has gone down 14% since 2008. Many school systems have to spend additional money from local revenue on top of what the state provides because it is not enough. Low funding in Alabama is a problem that could be fixed through a lottery system and a weighted school system.

The three levels of biodiversity are as follows: diversity of the ecosystems, diversity of species within the communities and diversity within species. The loss of species within the ecosystems and within the community can cause a catastrophic result, as species live and feed on other species. Species close to extinction are endangered species, therefore protecting them from predators and offering the chance to reproduce and repopulate. Unfortunately, with little support within the environment, a species can become extinct due to population density. Proper monitoring of an endangered species is required in order to keep species actively reproducing and changing with the environment around them.

Loss of Biodiversity will affect the life cycle of several species which depend on each other for survival. This dependence determines the survival of species and the change of our environment. Exploiting the biodiverse species to extinction will result in desertification, rise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, increased pollution, increased droughts, increase in loss of items that we derive from nature for our own survival such as honey, fruits, vegetables, medicines etc. The greed to exploit will result in our ultimate extinction If a sustainable solution isn’t provided to prevent loss of biodiversity. If we continue the path we are on without taking steps to balance the equation the planet will

Franck and Brownstone define biological diversity as 'the variety and variability of living organisms and the biological communities in which they live' (36). Decades of progress in both the scientific and political arenas have advanced environmental legislation to protect biodiversity at not only the ecosystem level, but for specific species and genetic material as well. Research has shown the importance of every organism and their role in the global ecosystem, and legislation has gradually matured to protect not only species which may become endangered, but the habitats they need to survive as well. Growing consciousness surrounding environmental issues has enabled these protections to be

Biodiversity is the number of species of plants, animals, microorganism, and ecosystems in a given region. As all species are somehow related and codependent on one another, biodiversity plays an important role in the survival of many species. Each organism, no matter how small has an important part in natural sustainability, ecosystems, and species variety. Animals which live in the waters help to preserve water reservoirs and lakes, while trees help prevent soil erosion and recycles nutrient. Many organisms help break down the pollution that humans have spread. In the case of any natural disasters, they are able to compensate and quickly help the environment recover. When their natural habitats are removed though, they are forced into extinction