E. Coli: An Experimental Analysis

2. Why do you think Mrs. Garner's students did not become ill, while Ms. Hines' kids did?

This pBlu lab had for purpose to present the changes of the strain of E. coli bacteria due to new genetic information being introduced into the cell. In this experiment we are freezing and heat shocking the E. Coli bacteria that is then forced to take the plasmid DNA. The E. coli then transforms the pBLu plasmid, which carries the genes coding for two identifiable phenotypes. After following the Carolina Biological steps our lab worked well and we able to see some colonies of bacteria on the plates. The x-gal plate showed a significant amount of bacteria to confirm that the pBlu plasmid took over the E. coli strain.

In order to determine which ones would be resistant, intermediate, and susceptible to our unknown strain of E. coli we had three antibiotics and one control per agar plate, and we replicated this twice. A lawn of the E. coli strand was spread evenly on each agar plate with a cotton swab. We then divided the agar plate into four halves and placed an antibiotic sample in each half with forceps. We incubated the dishes for forty-eight hours. Our independent variables are the different types of antibiotics with our known and unknown E. coli that we used to conduct the experiment and our dependent variables are the diameters of the zone of inhibition for each antibiotic.

Esherichia coli also known as E. coli is a bacterium that lives in your gut. (1). it was founded by Theodore von Esherich in 1888. There are many people that can get the bacteria. Also there are thousands of strands of E.coli. Six E. coli O157 outbreaks were identified during 2007. Four of the outbreaks involved foodborne transmission. (Eshericha Coli). Six Minnesota cases and one Wisconsin case with the same or closely-related PFGE subtype of E. coli O157:H7, and an additional Minnesota case of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli that was not culture-confirmed, attended the Minnesota State Fair in August. All but one of the cases showed cattle or visited the cattle

AIM – The aim of the experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of several anti-microbial substances on developing pathogens. (E. coli)

The experimental part of the lab consists of setting up the materials needed. A sample of E.coli and a solution of calcium chloride are first obtained and placed in different test tubes. 630µL of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) are then removed from the test tube and inserted into the test tube containing E.coli cells (Alberte et al., 2012). The newly formed substance of Calcium Chloride and E.coli is then mixed and incubated in ice for 10 minutes, making the cells more competent. Two test tubes are obtained and labeled; the first test tube is labeled with pUC18 and the second one with “Lux” to represent the plasmids being used. These two test tubes are then incubated in ice. 3µl of the set plasmid are added to each of the two test tubes. The test tubes are tapped to guarantee the cells are well

Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes 73,000 illnesses in the United States annually. A review of E. coli O157 outbreaks reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to better understand its epidemiology. E. coli O157 outbreaks revealed that in that period, 49 states reported 350 outbreaks, representing 8,598 cases, 1,493 (17%) hospitalizations, 354 (4%) hemolytic uremic syndrome cases, and 40 (0.5%) deaths. Clinical laboratories began examining more stool specimens for E. coli O157. In 1994, E. coli O157 became a nationally notifiable infection, and by 2000, reporting was mandatory in 48 states. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first recognized as a pathogen in 1982 during an outbreak investigation of hemorrhagic colitis.

Escherichia Coli, located in one of the main organs known as the large intestine, is a type of bacteria that helps digestion. (Trzepacz, Timmons, and Duobinis-Gray, 2016) For Escherichia Coli to remain stable and alive, it needs specific necessities. These needs are known as the following: Energy, vitamins, and similar compounds. Escherichia Coli is found everywhere!

At the end of 2006 both Iowa and Minnesota suffered an out break of E.Coli from Taco Johns. The restaurants that were affected were in Cedar Falls, Albert Lea, and Austin. In December of 2013 Iowa health officials recorded that at least 50 of its residents became ill with E. coli and 27 from Minnesota. January of the following year the Food and drug administration stated that the FDA was close to identifying the source of the E. coli break out. According to the FDA 81 individuals became ill. 26 of those ill were hospitalized with E. coli infections and two even developed hemolytic uremic syndrome.

The orgimsms involved in Escherichia coli 0157 is an anaerobic bacterium which is shaped like a rod and is Gram-negative. Escherichia is a foodborne pathogen which causes a variety of disease in humans worldwide. Cattle are the reservoir to the diseases. Between 1% and 50% of healthy cattle carry or shed E.coli by means of their faeces. The cattle can also contract the infection after slaughter as conmtanation can occur during slaughter or while the beef is being proceed into products suitable for human consumption. In the United states the most common way of transmission of the disease is through consuming contaminated food and water. Although it is also frequently spread from person to person impartial in communities where there is a high concentration of children such as child care services and primary schools.

CDC says that 63 people were infected with the outbreak strains of E.Coli 0121 and that 026 have been reported from 24 states. The sickness started from December 21, 2015 to September 5, 2016 and 17 sick people were hospitalized. CDC found out that some people who got sick had to of eaten or dealt with raw dough. FDA’s investigation determined that the raw dough restaurants were using General Mills flour that had to of been produced in November of 2015. General Mills flour manufactured that it was likely to be the source of the outbreak. General Mills contacted all of the costumers who have gotten flour from there and told them about the recall. FDA and General Mills are working together to make sure that the costumers have all been notified.

There is a bacterial infection affecting a large percent of band students at Truman and Jackson Middle School. The type of bacteria is E. coli.

Richard Lenski’s experiments on the E.Coli bacteria can be very distressing to the Creationist arguments because it showcases evolution occurring at a very rapid pace before human eyes. Lenski’s experiment included twelve tribes of bacteria in controlled environments that involved moving a portion of the population to new flasks every day as well as providing certain tribes with specific characteristics in an environment, such as increased levels of glucose (Dawkins 2009). Throughout the twenty plus years of experiments the E.Coli bacteria evolved new traits such as a tolerance to citrate, which allowed for higher survival rates in the overall population as well as a hereditary advantage for the future generations of bacteria. Through these

Abstract:Conjugation is a natural occurring process that involves the transfer of DNA from one cell into another through a physical connection between the cells. In the following experiment, two strains of Escherichia coli bacterial cells (donor F'lac+strs and recipient F-lac-strr) underwent conjugation to produce a transconjugant strain (F'lac+strr). MAC plates and streptomycin were utilized to determine if conjugation had occurred. When plated, the donor colonies appeared red and the recipient colonies appeared white. The transconjugant plates showed red and white colonies. Using alkaline lysis miniprep, a DNA plasmid was isolated from the donor and transconjugant strains and FIGE electrophoresis was used to determine the size of the

In this lab experiment, students had to create a growth curve for E. coli. The E. coli growth curve would illustrate the progression of the population of E. coli a set time period. In this case, the growth curve depicted the population of E. coli over a 12-hour period. The growth curve for E. coli was created from the absorbance levels, the optical density(OD), recorded from the spectrophotometer.