E. Coli Essay

2. Why do you think Mrs. Garner's students did not become ill, while Ms. Hines' kids did?

Esherichia coli also known as E. coli is a bacterium that lives in your gut. (1). it was founded by Theodore von Esherich in 1888. There are many people that can get the bacteria. Also there are thousands of strands of E.coli. Six E. coli O157 outbreaks were identified during 2007. Four of the outbreaks involved foodborne transmission. (Eshericha Coli). Six Minnesota cases and one Wisconsin case with the same or closely-related PFGE subtype of E. coli O157:H7, and an additional Minnesota case of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli that was not culture-confirmed, attended the Minnesota State Fair in August. All but one of the cases showed cattle or visited the cattle

2. Which antibiotic was most effective in killing the bacterial lawn on each plate? Which was the least effective?

The antibiotics will have different zones of inhibition on different bacteria. Also, a range of concentrations of the nutrients in the bacteria will change the bacterial growth.

Escherichia Coli, located in one of the main organs known as the large intestine, is a type of bacteria that helps digestion. (Trzepacz, Timmons, and Duobinis-Gray, 2016) For Escherichia Coli to remain stable and alive, it needs specific necessities. These needs are known as the following: Energy, vitamins, and similar compounds. Escherichia Coli is found everywhere!

2. List what it is caused by (specific scientific and common names of the organism: Escherichia coli

The problem that this experiment is trying to solve is whether or not Staphylococcus epidermidis is resistant or susceptible to various antibiotics. The independent variable for the experiment is the type of antibiotic being used against the bacteria(Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Penicillin, and Tetracycline). The

Breaking news, 107 persons contacted Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial infection after visiting a petting zoo at a North Carolina County fair . . . a 2-year-old boy died.¹ E. coli bacterial infection is a growing concern for public health officials in the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services and other local health departments. This is the most recent condition on E. coli outbreaks in North Carolina. In 2004, E. coli O157:H7 infection was responsible for making 108 visitors to the North Carolina State fair’s petting zoo ill.¹ This condition posed a serious health risk to the unsuspecting petting zoos’ patrons. Kids are more susceptible to these kinds of infections, because they are more prone to touching animals on display; then touching their mouths, noses, and eyes, which can lead to autoinfection. Most people are unaware of the infectious danger that lurks in the innocent coats of these cute furry creatures.

From a swab from the MSA plate a lawn of bacteria will be made on a Muller-Hinton plate. Four evenly spaced antibiotic disks will be placed on the plate. The plate will be left to incubate. After an incubation period the diameter of the zone of clearing will be measured to determine the resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotics. This test is not used to determine the bacterial species; it is just used to discover what antibiotics will be the most effective. Knowing all one can form a hypothesis of this experiments outcome: it is very likely if the swabbing of the nose and remaining tests are executed properly that there will be a species of Staphylococcus detected. If the MSA plate is turned yellow by the pH indicator its probable that the species Staphylococcus aureus specifically was detected, this will be proven or disproven by the antibody agglutination test. If the MSA plate maintains a red color its still a species of Staphylococcus the specific species is just unknown. The gram stain should show a purple in color cocci clustered bacterial formation. As Staphylococcus is gram positive and has a cocci cluster

The Kirby- Bauer method is used to test antibiotics sensitivity to the microbe. Some antibiotics have broad-spectrum effect, which means they inhibit the growth of more than one microbe; while narrow spectrum only have an effective on one group of microbe. In order for this test to be effective a lawn of bacteria has to be made on Mueller- Hinton agar. This agar does two amazing things in the world of science. It contains a starch that makes it test plate transparent (easy to read results) and it control the rate of diffusion of the tested drug. Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin are the fours types of antibiotics that were use to test the sensitivity of the microbe to them. The microbe was resistant to Ampicillin;

The most commonly identified STEC infections in North America are E.coli O157:H7. The diagnosis of E. coli O157: H7 infection needs to be considered for all patients who present with diarrhea, especially bloody diarrhea or Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome which is a type of kidney failure. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome can begin as the diarrhea is improving. It can occur in people of any age but is most common in children under 5 years old and the elderly. Stool specimens should be collected. Specimens should be collected as close to the time of onset of diarrhea as possible; however, specimens taken even weeks after the onset of symptoms are sometimes positive. Antibiotic treatment decreases the chance of recovery of E. coli O157: H7 therefore, when follow- up specimens are being obtained, the patient should have received no antibiotic for a minimum of 48 hours before

The purpose of the investigation is to determine what amount of antibiotic is best against bacterial resistance. The independent variable in the investigation is the amount of the antibiotic. The dependent variable is the bacterial resistance. The control group is the petri dish that receives the lowest amount of the antibiotic solution and the constants are the bacteria and the amount of bacteria used in the investigation. There is an estimate of nearly 600,000 people who die each year around the world because they contracted an infection that was no longer able to be treated because the bacteria became immune to the drugs that were supposed to suppress the infection.

The main objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of different types of antibiotics on bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Some of the main methods used in this experiment

The designated antibiotic disks are on the surface of an agar plate where the test bacteria is already inoculated. While it is incubated, the antibiotics or the chemicals will diffuse outward from the disks into the agar creating a concentration gradient in the agar which depends on the solubility of the chemical and its molecular size. If there organisms don’t grow around the antibiotic disks tells that, the said organism is susceptible to that antibiotic while the presence of growth around the antibiotic disk designates that the organism is resistant to that certain antibiotic. The area where there is no growth around the disk is known as a zone of inhibition, this is uniformly circular with a confluent lawn of growth in the media (AST,

A urine sample is spilt into two parts, one is left to be a constant and the other is exposed for fifteen minutes to an antibiotic. The idea is that when exposed to antibiotics the bacteria will not be able to replicate its DNA as rapidly, if the antibiotic is working. The DNA replication of the two parts of the sample are compared should be much higher in the constant half and if the antibiotic works. If the DNA replication remains equal in both than it can be assumed that the bacteria is resistant is that particular antibiotic and the stronger antibiotic should be prescribed to the patient. “[T]he test results had a 95 percent match with those obtained using the standard two-day test, which is considered the gold standard for accuracy” (“Test reveals antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a half hour,” 2017). There is a plan to start testing this with other infectious bacteria and blood infections in the future.