E. Coli In Africa Case Study

2. Why do you think Mrs. Garner's students did not become ill, while Ms. Hines' kids did?

Water contamination is vastly becoming an alarming issue across the world. We rely on clean water to survive, yet right now we are heading towards a water crisis. Changing climate patterns are threatening lakes and rivers, and key sources that we tap for drinking water are being overdrawn or tainted with pollution (www.nrdc.org). Clean and plentiful water is the cornerstone of prosperous communities. Yet as we enter the 21st century, swelling demand and changing climate patterns are

Around the world people are suffering from the problem of having a safe and clean water, there are more than 633 million people lack access to safe water. Remote countries in Africa are mostly the victim of having unsanitary water sources.

Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been a public health issue since the 1980s and is a major concern in food contamination in products like beef, dairy, and fresh produce. E.coli 0157:H7 itself is not invasive but it produces a Shiga toxin which attacks the host small blood vessels in the kidney. This makes the kidneys work harder which can destroy red blood cells and lead to hemolytic anemia (lowered number of red blood cells produced). The incubation period for E. coli ranges from three to eight days. The infection often causes severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps, but can also cause non-bloody diarrhea or no symptoms. E.coli may greatly affects children and the elderly.

Escherichia coli, oe e.coli, is a safe bacteria found in the large intestine, but also a dangerous bacteria outside of the body. While inside the body the bacteria produces vitamin K which cannot be obtained from food. Therefore e.coli is an essential bacteria in the human body. This bacteria is also a facultative anaerobe meaning it can live with and without oxygen. This means that it can thrive inside of the body, but it can also thrive outside of the body. When e.coli is outside of the body it is very dangerous. E.coli can be found in uncooked meats, unpeeled vegetables, unwashed fruits, and everything contaminated with feces. Dr. Harrlet Burge (2011) stated that e.coli can survive in water for up to 100 days and can remain in soil for as many as 15 weeks. Once the e.coli bacteria infects a human being, the person will experience diarrhea and abdominal pain, both from the bacteria

Two out of every five people living in Sub-Saharan Africa lack safe water. A baby there is 500 times more likely to die from water-related illness than one from the United States. This is a serious ongoing issue that requires the rest of the world to take action. Water spreads diseases easily if the necessary precautions are not taken. Many developing African countries don’t have sewage treatment, or the people don’t have methods to filter and disinfect. Once a person is sick either there is no way to cure them, or medical care is too expensive, so they are left untreated with a high risk of death. Although many believe that the fight for sanitary water in Africa is insurmountable, people in these developing countries can overcome their challenge to access clean water and avoid water-borne diseases through proper sewage treatment facilities, universal water filtration and medical care.

All people are at risk of contracting the E. coli disease but some are at a higher risk than others. A person is at risk when they swallow the bacteria through food or water that is infected with the E. coli bacterium. Eating meat that is undercooked or consuming unpasteurized milk and raw milk products can also put a person at risk for the disease (Lim et al., 2010). People with low immune systems, the very young and elderly are very susceptible to contracting E. coli infection (Lim et al., 2010). Then people who are exposed to poor water systems and contaminated environments where E. coli bacterium can survive are also at high susceptibility to contract the disease (Lim et al., 2010). When a person is infected with E.coli disease there is a period of time before symptoms starts to appear. Each case is different and symptoms vary. Once a person is exposed to this bacterium, then incubation begins. The time period for incubation is approximately a period of two to ten days. However the whole disease, barring serious complications and

E. coli is a pathogenic bacteria that causes diarrhea and illness outside the intestinal tract. It is transmitted through the consumption of food or water and causes great dehydration. (CDC.org). I had never heard of E. coli until this nasty bacteria decided to give me a first hand experience. It all started in the end of October, when Body Balance Academy took a weekend trip to Capitola, California for their second surf camp. The camp initiated as an awesome experience. I was able to catch so many waves and get stronger with each stroke. “Paddle, paddle, paddle, just one more stroke and you can catch this amazing wave,” is what I told myself every time I feel like my arms were going to swim away from me. During our break from surfing, the

Escherichia Coli (E. coli) 0157:h7 is mainly a food borne pathogen but an area of concern to me regarding E. coli 0157:h7 are the reports of this bacterium being present in recreational areas and drinking sources that can cause illnesses for individuals. What causes this to occur? What happens to waste and feces after floods or heavy rains. What are solutions to help keep recreational areas safer? E. coli was discovered in 1885 by a German Austrian pediatrician named Theodore Escherich using samples from healthy individuals’ feces. Escherichia coli is a bacterium that lives in the intestines of humans and animals. The presence of this bacteria is a part of a healthy intestinal tract. E. coli usually poses no threats in the healthy individual but can become a great problem for the sick, young, elderly and those with a weakened immune system. E. coli is a gram negative, facultatively anaerobic rod shaped bacterium. The cell wall is composed of a thin peptidoglycan layer and outer membrane. It can be grown and cultured easily and inexpensively in a lab setting, thus making it one of the most studied bacteria. E. coli is known as a prokaryotic model organism. E. coli causing disease is caused by Shiga toxin that cause serious illness in people. Transmission of this pathogen is normally a common problem with contaminated cattle consumption and under

Escherichia Coli is one kind of bacteria that lives in the humans and animals’ alimentary tracts, most often find in the intestines. E. Coli is the short term of Escherichia Coli that commonly used by people. There are many types of E. Coli bacteria and most of them are not harmful and can be found in the healthy intestines of people and animals. But, there is one particular type of E. Coli bacteria called “E. Coli O157:H7” may cause serious diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, or vomiting. Children or elderly people that infected with E. Coli O157:H7 may even have the serious complications, such as anemia, kidney failure, and lead to death.

Escherichia coli, is the most prevalent pathogen which is commonly known for its affiliation with human and animal infections and diseases such as diarrhoea, in addition to several clinical symptoms including haemorrhagic colitis, haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and thrombocytopenic purpura (Liu et al., 2012; Vanaja et al., 2010; Tomat et al., 2013). HUS in humans, is caused by a predominant type of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in the United States. It is also the chief cause of acute renal failure in children. There has also been documentation of strings of outbreaks since its identification as a pathogen in 1982, happening basically in Canada, Japan, United Kingdom and United States, implicating domestic animals such as sheep,

Escherichia Coli is a bacterium that usually lives in the intestinal tract of a healthy individual. Most forms of E. Coli are harmless, but some can cause severe illnesses. E. Coli is known for contaminating foods and beverages. E. Coli can be on ground beef if not cooked all the way. That is why they’re strict food safety laws are enforced. Chefs are not allowed to handle ground beef and then vegetables. These laws prevent an outbreak from happening. Although, cross contamination happens more often than realized. The most common type of harmful E. Coli is O157:H7. It causes illnesses and in some cases death. The CDC also warns against another Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC). This form of E. Coli is called Non-O157 STEC.

coli standard for freshwater because ofits strong correlation with the incidence of gastrointestinal illness. (EPA-823-B-02-004) In line with this recommendation, Virginia adopted and published revised bacteria criteria on June 17, 2002. The revised criteria used the E. coli concentration instead of the fecal coliform concentration as the basis for bacterial contamination and became effective on January 15, 2003. As of that date, the E. coli standard of 9 VAC 25-260-170described below applies to all freshwater streams in Virginia:

It’s gram negative, which means its cell wall is made of a thin layer of peptidoglycan. Most E. coli strains are harmless and help you break down and digest food, however some strains are pathogenic. Pathogenic E. coli can make you reasonably sick with symptoms like vomiting, severe stomach cramps, and bloody diarrhea. You can get E. coli through person to person contact, food, and water. A common way to get rid of bacteria in our homes, bodies, and environment is to use antimicrobial agents such as disinfectants, antibiotics, and

There are many people who do not have clean, non-contaminated water. 844 million people don’t have a basic drinking-water service. A basic water-drinking service is clean water source within a round trip of 30 minutes. Even though some people have a basic drinking-water service, globally, there are at least 2 million people that have water sources that are contaminated by fecal matter. The contamination of water can lead to many waterborne illnesses, including cholera, dysentery, typhoid, polio, and diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is a particularly bad illness to get when there is little water ; it causes you to lose a lot of body water, so you drink more of the contaminated water. Just by diarrhoea alone, it is estimated to have caused 502,000 deaths . According to Africa's WHO(World Health Organization) division, 42% of hospitals in Africa do not have access to improved sources of water that are either on-site or nearby.