Safety Protocols E. coli is a bacterium capable of being transmitted from one person to another. To ensure that the bacteria used in this experiment were not transmitted to other places, items, or organisms, several safety protocols were followed. When streaking bacteria and handling mannitol and xylitol solutions, the experimenter wore an apron, nitrile gloves on both hands and plastic protective goggles. After each set of plates were prepared, the experimenter removed the gloves from both hands without skin contact and thoroughly washed their hands for approximately 20 seconds with soap and warm water. Throughout the entire experiment the experimenter was cautious also to avoid contacting bacteria with eyes, mouth, or open wound. …show more content…
coli were labeled as bacteria that should not be examined or touch without permission from the supervising teacher. Although the strain of E. coli used in this experiment was harmless, to avoid transmitting the bacteria to other organism, the experimenter handled the E. coli for caution (see Appendix H, I, J, K). After the trials were completed, a 1:9 bleach to water solution was poured on top of the prepared agar plates. This safety precaution was used to kill the bacteria in preparation of disposal of the agar plates. After the bleach solution was applied to the agar plates, the solution stayed on the agar plates for approximately 5 minutes. The bacteria on the agar plates turned a yellow color after the five minutes and were disposed of. Each safety precaution implemented in this experiment was to ensure the safety of the experimenter, and other …show more content…
The volume is 10 mL when the pipette is full. To calculate percent uncertainty: (0.02 mL)/(10 mL)*100=0.2%.
Calculating the percentage uncertainty for a 250 mL volumetric flask
The uncertainty for a 250 mL volumetric flask is ± 0.15 mL. The volume is 250 mL when the flask is full. To calculate percent uncertainty: (0.15 mL)/(250 mL)*100=0.06%
Calculating the percentage uncertainty for a 50 mL graduated cylinder
The uncertainty of the graduated cylinder is ±0.5 mm. The volume of the substance measured is 50 mL because the density of water is 1 g/〖cm〗^3 and the mass is 1 gram per milliliter. To calculate percent uncertainty: (0.5 mm)/(50 mL)*100=1%
Calculating the percentage uncertainty for an electronic scale
The uncertainty for an electronic scale is ±0.01 because the scale measures into the hundredths place. The volume of the sugars is V=M/D, where V is volume, M is mass, and D is density. V=(25 g+25 g)/(1.52 g⁄〖cm〗^3 +1.5 g⁄〖cm〗^3 ), V=16.56. To calculate percent uncertainty:0.01/16.56*100=0.06%
The percent uncertainty for beakers was not calculated. The beakers were only used for storing the solutions. Therefore, the accuracy of the beakers did not affect the outcome of the
this small percent tells us that we were very close to our targeted number. I believe the reason for error was that we did not have a wide enough range for the weight and volume of the beans. I believe if we took in account, the idea of having different size beans like big ones and smaller ones and their mass, then we would have had an even smaller percent error. If I could, I would go back and use more beans as an example and discuss the different sizes. Other teams had close comparisons with ours, two others had used the mass method and their percent errors were 2.49% and 7.36%. The other team who used the volume method, their percent value was 5.07%. all around our percent errors were small but we all need to go and evaluate more ideas during the next
Error could have a direct relationship with the water level because as the water level increased, the amount of water displaced by the apparatus also increased. If the groups in the lab did not top off their apparatus during measurement to ensure the correct water depth, the reading would be incorrect. To improve the accuracy of the lab, groups should be taught proper lab technique before performing the lab, and weights below 1 gram should be
Two tubes of MRVP contained E. coli (labeled with a yellow E tag) and the other containing the S. epidermidis after incubation. Only two of these tubes located in the back of the test tube rack were used for Vogues Proskauer Test.
Overall, during the lab there should not have been too much error. This lab given us the opportunity to revised the data if necessary before continue to the next step. When we were asked to construct a Beer’s Law Calibration Curve we created a curve
length is 0.06) with 95% confidence if you use the point estimate obtained in part (a)?
When conducting experiments, scientists must understand the significance of accurate and precise measurements while utilizing the correct volumetric containers that are used to quantify data. That way, all information that is collected can be trusted and accurately reflects the facts of the investigation. When measuring the volume of aqueous solutions, it is imperative to acknowledge the accuracy, precision, and percent error of the measurements. Accuracy is how close the results are to the actual accepted measurement, also known as the “true” value. Precision is how close two or more measurements are relative to each other, only found by measuring a solution multiple times. Percent error is the difference between an an accepted value and a measured value, and is used to determine the accuracy of measurements.Understanding the importance of the aforementioned terms will lead to more valid experiments.
The accuracy and precision lab had four parts to it. Part one started with getting a dry 100 mL beaker and putting 60mL of distilled water into it. Next you sit the beaker on a bench or ring stand and set the thermometer, allowing two minutes for the thermometer to stabalize. Using a 10 mL pipet and bulb pipet, one should pipet exactly 10mL of distilled water into a pre- weighed 50mL beaker. Measure and record the water's mass. One will use the same balance forthe rest of the experiment. One will use the Expansion of Water at Various Temperatures table to calculate the volume of water dispensed by the pipet. Record the temperature to tenths of a degree. One will then repeat steps 3-5 two more times for trials 2 and 3 remembering to dry the
We need to find the standard deviation of the data in order to calculate how far your information is from the average calculation. This can be helpful if you want to find the error
Method for calculating uncertainties: the minimum scale on the graduated cylinder used to measure the volume was 1mL. The uncertainty here is a half of the minimum value that is available. To calculate the uncertainty, the value of 1mL has to be divided by 2 which should get an uncertainty of +/- 0.5mL.
E ≤0.8, µ = 25 so The 90% confidence interval is 25 ± 1.32 = 23.68 and 26.32
Three different types of media were used in this experiment. Selective media allows for the growth of one type of bacteria while preventing the growth of another type. An example of selective media that was used in this experiment is the Eosin Methylene-Blue agar used for the growth of Escherichia coli. These bacteria are commonly found in places of fecal contamination (CDC). A control group of Escherichia coli was used as well as swabs from the student’s phone and hand.
Looking back on the lab, there was one station specifically where I think my group and I could have selected a better tool in Station D. Station D’s sample was a red liquid in a large bottle, seemingly non odorous and with a very low viscosity. We were asked to measure the volume of the liquid and we chose to use the 200mL graduated cylinder with a gradation of 50mL, which we later realized was a poor decision, as the uncertainty of the problem, which is the gradation divided by two, would be +/- 25mL (although we accidentally wrote 12.5). This is a very large range of uncertainty, so, while pondering the results of the problem, we realized that, if we wanted a more precise measurement, we should use tools with more delicate measurements and less uncertainty, if not more than one tool. Those two tools we used were: the 100mL graduated cylinder, with a gradation of 1, and a 50mL beaker, with a gradation of 10. Our initial volume (when using the 200mL graduated cylinder) was 125mL with an estimated digit of 5 +/- 12.5mL (the uncertainty should have been 25mL) with an estimated digit of 5, but after modifying the experiment, the volume was equal to 121.0mL +/- 0.5mL (an average of both numerical values of both tools). This measurement was far more accurate, as the estimated digit was zero, indicating exactness in the result of the experiment, and the
The Objectives for Part B of the experiment are as follows: (1) To determine the mean values and standard deviation for the added volume of (a) Graduated Cylinder (b) Serological Pipet (c) Volumetric Pipet. (2) To determine the accuracy and precision of (a) Graduated Cylinder (b) Serological Pipet (c) Volumetric Pipet by comparing the values of the mean and standard deviation for each volume of 10 mL. (3) To therefore compare such values and further relay the difference in the use of the equipment. (4) To use such information to understand the relationship between accuracy and precision
Learning Team A would like to use the 95% confidence level. The team will use a = 0.05.
coli used is equivalent to the bacteria known to cause illnesses such as food sickness. To alleviate these misconceptions it will be necessary to make clear that the E. coli strains used in our product are different than strains found to cause illness in humans. It may also improve consumer trust to make clear that E. coli is merely a vessel to deliver our device and will not cause any harm.