E. Coli St131 Case Study

E. coli is a single chromosome (haploid). E. coli has 4600 kilobases with about 4300 coding sequences and has around 1800 known E. coli proteins. 70% of its genes are monocistronic and 6% are polycistronic, roughly having the same amount of genes on each strand [2]. E. coli is a member of normal flora that inhabits humans and other animals. E. coli is heterotrophic and usually obtains its food from the organism it is living in. E. coli is dependent on carbon; its main source of carbon is obtained from glucose. E. coli is a facultative anaerobe meaning that it can use oxygen and other electron acceptors as the final acceptor in an anabolic or catabolic pathway. The optimum temperature of E. coli is 37o C,

Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes 73,000 illnesses in the United States annually. A review of E. coli O157 outbreaks reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to better understand its epidemiology. E. coli O157 outbreaks revealed that in that period, 49 states reported 350 outbreaks, representing 8,598 cases, 1,493 (17%) hospitalizations, 354 (4%) hemolytic uremic syndrome cases, and 40 (0.5%) deaths. Clinical laboratories began examining more stool specimens for E. coli O157. In 1994, E. coli O157 became a nationally notifiable infection, and by 2000, reporting was mandatory in 48 states. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first recognized as a pathogen in 1982 during an outbreak investigation of hemorrhagic colitis.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium commonly found in the digestive system of humans and animals. Although it is mainly harmless and helps promote a healthy digestive system, some strains can be pathogenic and cause illness such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections and even pneumonia. What makes E. coli pathogenic is the release of a toxin called Shiga. These are often referred to a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). This particular strain lives harmlessly in the guts of animals, particularly cattle. However, when in contact with a human, it results in illness. Pathogenic E. coli is usually caught when humans ingest invisible amounts of feces that can be found in food or water. (CDC, 2014) Antibiotics may be prescribed depending on the illness. Their ability to effectively work depends on it’s composition and the bacteria it is expected to work on.

CDC says that 63 people were infected with the outbreak strains of E.Coli 0121 and that 026 have been reported from 24 states. The sickness started from December 21, 2015 to September 5, 2016 and 17 sick people were hospitalized. CDC found out that some people who got sick had to of eaten or dealt with raw dough. FDA’s investigation determined that the raw dough restaurants were using General Mills flour that had to of been produced in November of 2015. General Mills flour manufactured that it was likely to be the source of the outbreak. General Mills contacted all of the costumers who have gotten flour from there and told them about the recall. FDA and General Mills are working together to make sure that the costumers have all been notified.

2. List what it is caused by (specific scientific and common names of the organism: Escherichia coli

On August 9, 2014,a young man by the name of Michael Brown was shot and killed by a police officer. It is little known why the shooting occurred, but the boy was unarmed.This could be one of many cases of modern day racism and segregation. In 1930, “even after the abolishment of slavery in 1865, blacks were still almost powerless(BBC 2)”.Blacks were heavily segregated and had almost no rights.Many cases of segregation in the 1930s caused a lot of current day racial tension in the united states.

The smaller portion contains the ttrRSBCA operon, which is involved in tetrathionate reduction, and seven open reading frames (ORFs) of unknown function which were suggested that these genes do not significantly contribute to systemic infections in mice. The larger portion was characterized to be importance for ability of Salmonella to survive and replicate inside host cells (epithelial cells and macrophages) within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). The SPI-2 also encoded for T3SS, which encoded for translocon machinery (SseBCD), a pore-forming structure (5, 6).

100 μl of 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions of donor cells were each plated onto MacConkey (MAC) agar plates without streptomycin. 100 μl of 10-5 dilution of donor cells and 10-5 and 10-6 recipient were also plated onto MAC plates with streptomycin. 100 μl of 10-4 and 10-5 dilutions of the conjugation mixture cells were plated onto MAC agar with streptomycin. All seven plates were inverted and placed in a 37˚C incubator for about 24 hours. The bacterial colonies on each plate were counted the next day (colony counts seen in Table I).

The impaired portion of Brock Run (TMDL ID: VAN-F15R BRK01A06), located in Spotsylvania County, was first identified as impaired for E. coli bacteria on VADEQ's 2008 303(d) Total Maximum Daily Load Priority List because of exceedances of the state's water quality criterion for E. coli bacteria. The 2.56 miles long impaired segment begins at the confluence with Aunt Sarah Spring Creek, which is approximately 0.95 miles downstream of Ashbys Pond, and flows to the confluence with Ni River. According to the 2014 Water Quality Integrated Assessment period (February 11, 2004 – December 31, 2012), 6 out of 19 samples (31.6%) surpassed the maximum water quality assessment criterion (235 cfu/100ml) for E. coli bacteria at Station 8BRK000.06,

E.coli is a bacteria that inhabits the intestine of animals and humans, some E.coli strains are harmless and other strains can cause you to get really sick. If the E.coli spreads outside the intestine it can cause infections in the urinary system which can harm the bladder,kidneys. Other

In this lab experiment, students had to create a growth curve for E. coli. The E. coli growth curve would illustrate the progression of the population of E. coli a set time period. In this case, the growth curve depicted the population of E. coli over a 12-hour period. The growth curve for E. coli was created from the absorbance levels, the optical density(OD), recorded from the spectrophotometer.

During this report the demonstration will establish an awareness to the audience, which discovers the statics and findings of the results based on samples from a mathematical strategy perception. This possibly identifies the conclusion of the significant evidence of exposure with the amount and levels of unwanted consumption of E. coli in the Village of Sierra Leon’s drinking water. During the 5 weeks the missionaries have to achieve safer drinking water for the village, through three types of sampling using one hundred for the first and second tests, and twenty for the final evaluation. The population discovery consists of various elements such as the mean, median, and mode. That offers presentation for the average center tendencies.

I’m going to compare the use of the poetic devices to portray fear and confusion in 3 different types of poems, they are; On the Train by Gillian Clarke, Patrolling Barnegat by Walt Whitman, and the poem Storm on the Island by the one and only Seamus Heaney. These poems all portray the feeling of confusion, often it is linked within a theme of some war. Walt Whitman uses some repetition to enhance the power of the storm he is trying to describe. "Wild, Wild the storm, and the sea high running"

The bacterium evolved by loosing its genes converting it from a free-living microbe into a pathogen. It needs the host’s nutrients in order to survive. The bacterium latches itself onto the host epithelial cells by a 160 kDa type 1 pilli. The pilli, located on a specific organelle on the polar region of the

Tradition, Honor, Discipline, and Excellence the four pillars that Welton Academy tries to permanently install into their students. This all boys school is stuck in their ways all with short hair, dressed in suits with ties, and without fail rule followers. The Welton teaches conformity routinely, with little to no parental involvement. The film Dead Poets Society cleverly illustrates the need for healthy relationships with parents and other mentors. Without those the consequences could be detrimental.