E Mail Download Response Time

In the OSI model there are also Protocols and Standards. “ISO defined a group of protocols for internetworking communications based on the OSI model.” (Network Protocols Handbook, 2007, p 217-218). Application consists of BOOTP, DHCP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP4, PING, POP3, NSLOOKUP, NTP, SFTP, SMTP, SNPM, Telnet and TFTP. The Presentation layer consists of MIME, SSL and TLS. The Network layer consists of ARP, ICMP, IGMP, IP, IPSec and RARP. The Data Link layer possesses L2TP, PPP, PPTP and SLIP. Finally the Physical layer has IEEE 802.3, 802.5, and 802.11. These protocols are the most common in the OSI model.

An operating system must support a wide variety of networking protocols in order to meet the needs of its users. The user will be able to identify and make sure that various systems and servers are running smoothly, also the user is will if the system is loaded or

The Router protocols implemented will be a OSPF which stands for (open shortest path first). Because of the large network being introduced this protocol will be the most useful. This protocol operates on Internal Gateway Protocols by routing the most direct path and using the bandwidth most optimally. This not only reduces the use of

Also, UDP is connectionless which means that there is no need for creating a connection first before sending out data and have more control over when data is sent out. Because data corruption is a common occurrence on the internet, UDP has a primitive form of error detection but it is not that reliable because it doesn't recover the error it just will be discarded. Even if the network is busy, UDP will try to cram packets in the network and this is a bad strategy because it will cause more collisions. Here where TCP comes, for having certain features that make the connection more reliable. However, it also has a bigger communication over than UDP. TCP's connection is based on negotiating first before doing anything, this known as the three-way handshake. If any error is detected, TCP offers retransmission when a receiver doesn't get a delivery a package. So, it will send it again guaranteeing your data to reach its destination in time and without duplication. Since all the work is done by the operating system, It automatically breaks up data into packets for you. So you just need to sit back and watch the show. Even the debugging is taken care of by your OS and if there are bugs in your OS, then you will face many problems like problems in surfing and downloading contents from the net. I do prefer the TCP service because it does all the work for you

With admirable foresight, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) initiated as early as in 1994, the design and development of a suite of protocols and standards now known as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), as a worthy tool to phase out and supplant IPv4 over the coming years. There is an explosion of sorts in the number and range of IP capable devices that are being released in the market and the usage of these by an increasingly tech savvy global population. The new protocol aims to effectively support the ever-expanding Internet usage and functionality, and also address security concerns.

When dealing with emails, you have a IMAP, a POP3 or a SMTP, protocols. First, we have a IMAP, which is similar to a POP3 because they are both used to read mails from a remote server. The IMAP is considered more advanced than a POP3. Then you have a SMTP, which is only used for sending emails. For example, if you plan to set up an email server such as hMailServer, you must know what each protocol is used for. Each protocol is considered to be a specific set of communication rules between computers. Now, we will take a closer look at each protocol specifically.

4. Transport protocols resemble those you studied in Data Link Layer since both will have to deal with error control, sequencing, flow control etc. Still the two differ significantly. How? elaborate with at least 4 differences.

Here the protocol became more complicated because we are permitting padding method here but when we see at final process, the performance is very

Connection –oriented protocol means that a connection is established and maintained in such a way that the application programs at each end have finished exchanging messages. TCP is reliable. Between two endpoints TCP establishes a full duplex virtual connection. The operation of TCP is implemented as a finite state.

then also same situation occurs where Rc is low.server can't transmit higher rate while its getting data or request at low rate.here in this case through transmission rate is Rc

Jitter is the amount of variation in latency/response time, in milliseconds. Reliable connections consistently report back the same latency over and over again. Lots of variation (or

4. Which of the following protocols is a connection-oriented protocol that operates at the transport layer of the OSI model and supports reliable connections?

For any slot, only the priority 16 device may transmit when none of the TR lines are assert. This provides it the lowest average wait time. We could say that when there is much demand on the bus and most of the time having at least one pending request, that will prevent the priority 16 device to have the lowest average wait time.

In terms оf prepаrаtiоn аnd service times оf fаst fооd аre cоnsiderаbly quick. Аs fаst fооd is а prоduct оf perishаble nаture it cаn be cleаrly differed frоm the оther аrticles оf fооd.

The two TCP/IP transport layer protocols (TCP and UDP), are very crucial for the smooth operation of network services for both the computer applications and application layer protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP and Telnet. These two transport layer protocols TCP and UDP execute these services via the employment of IP. They use IP in the efficient routing of packets to their respective destination networks (Steinke,2001).The TCP is further noted by Steinke (2001) to be responsible for the provision of a reliable and yet connection-oriented byte-stream packet delivery while its counterpart UDP is noted to be responsible for the provision of a connectionless but rather unreliable packet delivery. In this paper we explain the work of the two TCP/IP transport layer protocols (TCP and UDP). In addition, describe how TCP and UDP manage key functions such as reliability, port addressing, and segmentation.