E. T. A. Hoffman's The Nutcracker Ballet

The history of ballet dates back to the 18th century starting with Baroque dance. Fabritio Caroso da Sermoneta was a famous Italian Renaissance dancing master. He was born around 1526-1535 and died around 1605-1620. His dance manual "Ballarino" was published in 1581, with a subsequent edition, significantly different, Nobiltà de dame, printed in 1600 and again after his death in 1630. In the 19th century there was the pre-romantic, romantic and the classical ballets. Anthony Tudor deserves an honorable mention for his choreography and teaching. Pre-romantic ballet occurred sometime circa ?? up to 1831. The romantic period covered the early to mid 1800's. This era also introduced the calf-length dress. A few of the great Romantic dancers were Marie Taglioni, Fanny Elssler and Carlotta Grisi. The tequnique became more developed, but the role

During the Russo-American Era, Russian choreographers, such as, Michel Fokine, Anna Pavlova, Vaslav Nijinsky, Léonide Massine, and Bronislava Nijinska; benefited from the American audience and started to make dramatic changes to the classical ballet. Every single one of these choreographers implemented and transformed the way people view, danced and perceived ballet in the early 20th century. Several ideas for these innovations were from Michel Fokine. In 1914, he wrote a letter to the London Times, stating the five principles of ballet that befitted the 20th century ballet:

The music was composed by Igor Stravinsky, who considered himself an inventor of music. He was also known for many controversial works reminiscent of Nijinsky. He created many works that blasted the whole realm of music into other possibilities, in which it would never return from. He started his career writing music for other ballets like Firebird and Petrouchka, which were grand and familiar like traditional ballet, but had a small hint of a more modern tone. It was not until The Rite of Spring that Stravinsky’s work was truly inspirational. This work tested the future of the 20th century classical music, and in many ways it paved the path to a modernized view. There are still many who do not understand how he

For the history of Russian Classical ballet, it originated in a group of dance academies in Moscow and St Petersburg in the eighteenth century. At first the dancers were from poor backgrounds - usually from orphanages - but the Tsars were particular ballet enthusiasts and so the profile grew. However, in the nineteenth century some of the best French and Italian dancers and teachers went to Russia and ballet developed considerably more than in Western Europe where opera was preferred. It was under this climate that Russian ballet led the way in classical dance with such famous stars as Anna Pavlova, Mikhail Foskine and the legendary Nijinsky, who all trained with the Frenchman Marius Petipa at the St Petersburg Imperial Ballet.

The Overture 1812 ("1812") was composed in 1880 by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, the most famous of all Russian composers and perhaps best-loved for his ballet

In modern times, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s ballet, The Nutcracker, is a Christmas classic. With memorable songs and beautiful instrumentation, many cannot imagine Christmas without it. Dance companies perform the ballet year after year with spectators coming to watch annually. There have even been LGBT, hip hop, and Jewish adaptations to the popular ballet (Begley). Thousands of musicians and dancers all over the world perform it to add to the excitement and cheer of the holidays.

On November 25, 2017 I attended The Nutcracker ballet performance at the Eisemann Center. The dance was adapted from a story by E.T.A Hoffman with the music by Tchaikovsky. The show was a faithful adaptation of The Nutcracker with the dancers, costumes, sets, and Tchaikovsky’s music all playing an integral part in depicting the story in an entertaining way. Overall, the presentation was successful in portraying the holiday classic that is The Nutcracker, and the majestic sets and costumes along with the music allowed for sustained attention and spectacle that was still true to the narrative of The Nutcracker. The production did this by having grand, bright costumes and sets that resembled the time period of The Nutcracker and depicted the setting of the dances, the original music by Tchaikovsky which was able to produce the emotions that come with the story, and lighting techniques that showed the weather and time of day which helped show what scenes were being told throughout the performance.

Which choreographer created several famous full length ballets, including Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker?

“Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy’ is the most well-known piece from The Nutcracker. The music starts out very slowly and softly, but gets louder so that the song is crescendo and decrescendo constantly repeating the main melody throughout the piece. The music is both homophonic and polyphonic and has varied dynamic with a lot of expression. Tchaikovsky does a wonderful job of constructing the piece to match the gentle and delicate Sugar Plum Fairy and the dreamlike state of the ballet. The dance that accompanies the piece is one of the most technically challenging dances of the ballet and is always danced by the prima ballerina, principal female dancer. I think the musical piece became as popular it is due to Tchaikovsky using it to introduce the celesta that creates the enchanting, trickling sound of the piece and because the dance to it is very difficult and is often a main feature of the ballet. It is understandable why there are so many transcriptions of it

Listening to Music class has taught me a new way to listen and enjoy music. I have learned how to differentiate the melodies, rhythms, and instruments in a song. It has also introduced me to different genres in the music world, aside from what is usually played on the radio. I can now attend any concert, listen to any genre, or watch any ballet and easily recognize the many specific aspects the music being played has. Ballets are very interesting to me. The audience is able to enjoy the music being played as it is telling a story, and being acted out through the performer’s body language. In the two ballets, The Rite of Spring and The Nutcracker, a great story is told in both referencing the many great dynamics music has. These two specific ballets are written by different composers, and each one of them have certain conditions they were written under. As well as different receptions, popularity, and development. The Rite of Spring and The Nutcracker’s differences has made some sort of an impact in the performing world back then as well as now.

Furthermore, Balanchine’s, The Nutcracker, has made a profound effect on the public by making ballet more exclusive than it has been, which was “the contrast from the heart of ballet” (Gottlieb 129). What this quote is explaining how George Balanchine’s ballet is defying what traditional ballet was about and he wanted it to be a spectacle to all the people who see it. Also, with the creation of The Nutcracker, it allowed children to join ballet without being discouraged by others. The reason why this is the case is that this particular dance “brings children on stage just like how young Balanchine was on stage for Maryinsky” (Gottlieb 129).

Tchaikovsky wrote The Nutcracker at the request of the Director of the Imperial Theatres, Ivan Vsevolozhskii (Poznansky, 2012). The Nutcracker is based on E. T. A. Hoffmann’s fairy tale, of which Tchaikovsky was fond of. However he did not like using The Nutcracker for a ballet scenario. The ballet tells the story of a young girl, Clara, who is given a nutcracker for Christmas. Clara then falls asleep and dreams the nutcracker fights an evil mouse king. The nutcracker then turns into a prince and takes her to a land of snow, where he tells her the story of the battle with the army of mice. She does several dances for the Prince to celebrate his triumph in battle. She then awakens and learns it was all just a dream (Green, n.d.). The Nutcracker was

French Ballet began in the 17th century. It was a flamboyant entertainment presented in front of the aristocracy and royalty in the courts. French Ballet was also performed when they were celebrating marriages and showing off the wealth and power of the ruler. Besides, Ballet was called “la belle danse”, and it means “the beautiful dance.” In order to help the audience to recognize the characters in the story, dancers usually wore extravagant costumes. Moreover, the idea of different ballet movements was based on the social dance of royal courts, like beautiful arm and upper body movements and floor patterns were included. Also, in the beginning, only men were allowed to dance ballet, and women played the first ballet with parts until 1681.

The Russian National Ballet was founded in 1989 by Sergei Radchenko, former star of the Bolshoi Ballet. Radchenko and his wife, who run the company together, decided to tour in smaller groups, to reach audiences in smaller cities around the globe and bring beautiful ballet to everyone. Founded when Russia was known as the USSR, the company was government owned, but allowed Sergei, an honored artist, to start and operate the company. Sergei and his wife, Elena found success with this company, and opened The Moscow Festival Ballet, allowing them to tour and perform all over the world. Some of their repertoire includes “Don Quixote,” “Cinderella,” “Coppelia,” and of course, “Sleeping Beauty,” performed March 4, 2017 at the State Theatre of New

Giselle is a classical ballet performed by the Teatro Allo Scala Ballet Company and originally choreographed by Jean Coralli and Jules Perrot. The ballet company was founded in 1813 as an academy of ballet in Milan, Italy. The choreographers were famous French ballet dancers known for their choreographies in pinnacle performances such as Giselle and Childreich, King of the Franks. Giselle, a romantic ballet, was one of their most famous pieces created in 1841. It is the story of a naive peasant girl, named Giselle, who fell in love with a man that was betrothed to another. After a psychotic breakdown, she kills herself leaving her the man she loved feeling guilty about her death. After her death, Giselle was initiated into a group of supernatural beings known as the Wilis. These supernatural beings would lure men to their deaths by wooing them with their dances. Giselle finds it in her heart to forgive her guilty lover and does everything she can to save his life from the vengeful Wilis.