E2f Isoforms Lab Report

While alcohol may have damaging effects to one’s body, many benefits exist if one drinks responsibly. Many studies and cases do show alcohol can damage the liver and other parts of the body; however, when one drinks in a moderate manner many health benefits may exist. Alcohol helps to fight against various health conditions and risks common among many people,

Many recent studies are claiming that alcohol damages some parts of the brain more than others, targeting particular biochemical pathways vital to the development, function, migration, and survival of certain nerve cells. Further research is being done to help find ways that will block some of alcohol's harmful effects on the fetus. One study has identified specific effects on molecules that regulate development and others that participate in cell signaling (Christensen 3). The cell-adhesion

The pathophysiology of alcoholism begins after alcohol the ingestion of alcohol. It is absorbed and unaltered through the stomach and intestines. Next it is distributed throughout the body through the blood and absorbed by all tissues and fluids (Huether, 2012, p. 72). Furthermore, in the liver the alcohol blood content is metabolized into acetaldehyde by the enzymes process of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS), and catalase (Huether & McCance, 2012). Next, the metabolizing effects the central nervous system (CNS) and exhibits a depressant action. It is first expressed in the subcortical structures of the brain. This has an effect of disorientation of motor skills and intellect. With an increase in blood alcohol concentration, the medullary centers become depressed and as a result affects respiration (Huether & McCance, 2012). In addition, the effects of alcoholism encourage hepatic and gastric changes. The hepatic effect is caused by acetaldehyde, in which, induces inflammation, fatty deposits and enlargement of the liver (Huether & McCance, 2012).

Another enzyme, cytochrome, also participates in the metabolism of alcohol in the liver. Even though the greater part of alcohol consumed is metabolized in the liver, only a certain amount goes through this process in a given hour. This is related to the availability of enzymes in a given individual liver.

The pathophysiology of Alcohol affects virtually every organ system in the body. Therefore, consuming to much alcohol in high

In the LULC/Soil/Slope tool box, the last option is slope tab. User has to select to number of slope classes for the watershed. Two options are available to define the slope discretization in the slope definition tool box. First one is single slope and second one is multiple slopes. If user select single slope in the tool box, it creates slope range class 0-999%, if user selects multiple slopes, the tool allows to create 5 classes. For the kaddam watershed five slope classes has been selected in the tool box. The classes are 1) 0-5% 2) 5-10% 3) 10-15% 4) 15-35% and 5) 35-9999%. The slope map of the kaddam shown in the

This supports our hypothesis that the amplitude being adjusted doesn't effect the rate at which it swings. Now we move on to our question: Would mass be a factor? The first bob was replaced with something much smaller in weight. We returned the displacement back to 10 cms while keeping the length the same. We recorded the 10 periods and the average seems to be around the same approximate rate of 2.01. This debunks the theory of the pendulum being dependent on mass. Changing both the displacement and weight seems to not affect the rate in anyway.

The effect of alcohol on

The N2O and NO fluxes measurements were conducted in 2–28 days intervals during the growing season and 10-30 days intervals during the non-growing season and between 8:00 and 11:00 h each measuring day to minimize the effect of diurnal temperature variation. The stainless steel chamber (40 cm in diameter and 30 cm high) was used for the measurement (Toma and Hatano, 2007). Gas samples were taken from the chambers using a 50 mL syringe. The samples N2O were collected for 0; 15 and 30 minutes and for 0 and 30 minutes for NO samples. N2O was analysed using gas chromatography with ECD (GC-2014 Model, Shimadzu) and NO using NOx Analyser (265 P Model, Kimoto Electric, Osaka, Japan). Gas flux is the gradient of gas concentration in chamber over time. The cumulative gas flux was calculated by

where a plot of ΛM versus √C gives a straight line of an intercept equal (Λ0) and a slope equal to the Onsager constant. In our solutions, the following equilibria are deliberated: M+ + A− ⇆ MA

Consuming alcohol during pregnancy results in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The spectrum of FAS ranges from barely detectable to severe functional and cognitive birth defects. In the United States approximately 9.1 out of 1,000 live births exhibit some degree of FAS spectrum. Although excessive consumption of alcohol is considered a human teratogen the biochemical mechanism and the developmental

On the other hand, the investigation of the apolipoprotein genome, the identification of specific loci, the role of alcohol dehydrogenase

Cytochrome P450 2E1 is induced by ethanol and can cause liver toxicity (Gómez-Moreno, Guardia, & Cutando,

Alcohol has no beneficial attributes on a person’s health. Alcohol can have several harmful effects on human organs. Some organs in the human body that are damaged by alcohol consumption are the brain, kidneys, and liver. The human liver is the one organ that suffers the most damage. As stated in an article published by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, “Because the liver is the chief organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol, it is especially vulnerable to alcohol – related injury” (NIAAA, 2005). Regular use of alcohol can lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The severity of ALD can vary based on several different factors. Some of these factors include gender, age, the amount consumed, and how often alcohol is used. “ALD includes three conditions: fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis” (Alcohol Alert, 2005).

In the above mentioned studies, alcohol was found to