EBT Task 2

Surgical site infections (SSI) occur in 2 – 5% of ‘clean’ non-abdominal surgical procedures (Rothrock, 2007). Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause for SSI in Orthopaedic surgery (NICE, 2008). Guidelines were produced by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to try and reduce this infection rate and include a preoperative phase, (including hair removal and antibiotic prophylaxis), an intra-operative phase and postoperative phase.

By Joseph Lister using antiseptics in surgery, the cleanliness of modern surgery is very sanitary and does not cause infection to patients and many of the infections led to amputations and death.

Chest is the most commonly used incision area for cardiac surgery patient. Surgery surgical site infection (SSI) is life-threatening complication ranked as 3rd among all infection in health care facilities. SSI results morbidity mortality and increases medical expenses. Thus its is important to strengthened measures to prevent and control SSI. Uncleanness of surgical area can occur at any period of time before during and after. Numerous factors can contribute to the happening of SSI. To decrease the occurrence of SSI and improved quality of patient’s care, it is necessary to find out risk factor. Gain knowledge for planning and implementation of strategies for prevention and control of the infection is vital. Author of this paper would like

With my research of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic administration of adult surgical patients, some areas of concern are the timely administration of antibiotics within one-hour window prior to incision, communication with other areas of compliance and adherence to policy to reduce postoperative surgical site infections.

A strategy that was also put into practice to decrease the risk of infections of central lines was the implementation of Chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings. This strategy was further discussed in the article “Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Dressings and Prevention of

It is very crucial for surgical site infection (SSI) be prevented since they are associated with increased antibiotics use, high healthcare costs, prolonged hospital stay, increased patient discomfort and they may also result to patient’s death. Completing a full clinical assessment is very important in identification of risk factors for developing SSI such as patient-related (endogenous) and the environment (exogenous) factors. Some of the risk factors are modifiable such as obesity, malnutrition, and tobacco use (Harrington, 2014).

Surgical site infection (SSI) has been the most frequently occurring, healthcare-associated infection (HAI), causing 21.8% of reported infections in the United States (Magill et al. 2014). Despite the advances made in antimicrobial drugs, asepsis, sterilization and operative techniques, SSI continues to be a major problem in all branches of surgery in the hospitals (Saeed et al. 2015).

Pre-operative administration of antibiotics for surgical patients continues to be an area of concern within the operative setting. The “Surgical Infection Prevention (SIP) measures were added as a core measure set in the fall of 2003” (Joint Commission, 2014, p. 1). The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) consists of multiple organizations working collaboratively helping to improve surgical care by significantly reducing surgical complications (Joint Commission, 2014). The SCIP policy

The evening before my father’s surgery they had him take a shower or bedside bath. They told him to use a special soap on his chest and legs. This special soap kills the bacteria on your skin and helps to prevent infection after surgery. The day of his surgery, he will have his body hair removed using a special "clipper" made especially for this purpose.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) surgical site infections (SSI) are the most frequent health associated infection (HAI) in low- and middle-income countries. There is an 11.8 per 100 incident rate for surgical procedures. Despite the fact that the United State of America is considered a high-income country, it is the second frequent HAI in the USA. The WHO has established comprehensive evidence based guidelines taking into account the differences in resource availability, values, and preferences of different populations.

The timeframe required to introduce and implement the plan is three months. The initial step will include providing critical information from the research findings to support the proposal. The first month will entail presenting the evidence based practice change to the surgical site prevention committee which involves all the chief from surgical departments, anesthesiologists, Director of perioperative services and other surgical unit leaders who are involved in taking care of surgical patients. Once the committee agrees with the proposal, the implementation process will be started. As the SCIP guideline already exists, the staff will be educated about the importance of the antibiotic timing before skin incision and to document it on the timeout sheet and also in the electronic records. This process will help in evaluating the process postoperatively.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-impregnated (CHG) dressings compared to standard dressings in preventing the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). The CHG dressings will be the study experimental intervention and the standard dressings will be in the control group.

Alcohol presents an important aspect necessary for human survival owing to its wide-ranging benefits in the clinical context. Ideally, alcohol acts as an effective germ killer owing to its great potential of coagulating a germ’s protein. Indeed, the use of alcohol is not new to the clinical setting as way back in the 1800’s, alcohol alongside specific herbs were in surgical operations used for the major purpose of reducing pain. As studies reveal, lately there has been an increasing trend of using alcohol in surgical operations in theatre to prevent the possible occurrence of infections. As Lobley (72) states, “this relates to the aseptic technique that comprises of practices that aim at ensuring patients do not acquire any infections when undergoing surgical operations.” Notably, clinical professionals use alcohol in various ways such as the sterilization of theatre linen and equipment, patient preparation, and theatre preparation alongside surgical team preparation. As Josephson (18) suggest, “dedicated surgery nurses should make the use of alcohol in line with the aseptic technique not only an everyday practice but rather a normal way of life implying that the process ought to become second nature.” The use of alcohol in theatre operations is sterilization, without alcohol, the essential need of sterilization would not result good safety measures.

Despite the notion that ntibiotic prophylaxise is not required in most open clean procedures, studies have shown that it is effective in prevention in open clean surgical procedures(Mazaki et al., 2014)(Mazaki, Mado, Masuda, & Shiono, 2013)

Postoperative surgical site infections according to Nichol (2001) remain a major source of illness in surgical patients. Beaver, (2008) point out that surgical infection is one of the side effects that occur after a patient has gone for surgery.