Early Childhood Antisocial Behavior Research

Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) form a cluster of childhood disorders considered to be “disruptive behavior disorders” (American Psychiatric Association, 2004). Although most violent adolescents have more than one mental disorder and they may have internalizing disorders, for example depression or substance abuse, there appear to be increasingly higher rates of physical aggression found in these adolescents who experience disruptive behavior disorders than for those with other mental disorders. The fact that violent juvenile offenders are more likely to have these diagnoses is not surprising, because impulsive and/or aggressive behaviors are part of their diagnostic criteria. Additionally, there is relatively high co-morbidity with substance abuse disorders, which are also associated with juvenile violence (Moeller, 2001). Individuals with conduct disorder have the following features but this list is not inclusive for example they may have little empathy and little concern for the feelings, wishes, and wellbeing of others, respond with aggression, may be callous and lack appropriate feelings of guilt re remorse, self-esteem may be low despite a projected

The Misfit’s recollection of his past shows the development of ASPD in childhood. His lack of discipline in childhood and his recollection of when he behaved well are indicators of ASPD. The Misfit stated, “My daddy said I was a different breed of dog from my brothers and sisters” (948). As a child, he manifested an odd behavior indicating a difference between him and other children. Comparing him to “a different breed of dog” can be interpreted as having a riotous, disorderly behavior a characteristic that can describe someone with ASPD. He also stated, “I never was a bad boy that I remember of, but somewheres along the line I done something wrong and got sent to the penitentiary” (948). To his remembrance, he was a good child, but at one

Every person is commonly known for their unique personality, and the traits each of us have that are different than others. One thing many people suffer from is some Personality Disorder such as Antisocial Personality Disorder. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a disorder that is going against and violating other people's rights (Corner, 2014). Individuals with this disorder are more found to link with a criminal history or showing signs of criminal activity (Corner, 2014). Researchers are more apt to look at a person's behavior rather than personality traits and psychopathological aspects of what caused this

     It is of great importance to create various subtypes in the classification of conduct disorder to facilitate personalized methods of studying and interceding these defiant behaviors. One example of these subtypes is childhood versus adolescent onset. The severity of crimes is reported to be directly associated with the age at which the disorder’s characteristics first emerge. Moffitt (1993) indicated that children afflicted in adolescence will commit offenses that exemplify their rebellion from authority largely because of societal and environmental factors. With even more severity, children with the childhood onset type will commit offenses that are violent and victim-oriented along with delinquent activities because of individual and family characteristics. In a study by McCabe, Hough, Wood and Yeb (2001), it was hypothesized that

Role model: Staff should give good example all times and simple actions such as saying please and thank

Antisocial personality disorder is a disorder of the brain that cause one to disregard other people’s rights by violating them, they lack empathy and are very malicious towards others, they enjoy the suffering of individuals whether it be an animal or human being and it usually occurs during child/teen hood and worsens as the child ages. With this disorder comes a hatred toward society due to lack of knowledge of the real world “Many of the children grow up shy, lonely, highly sensitive, with feelings of being rejected, unloved and neglected by family and/or society”(Miller, 2014, p.13). Isolation at young ages causes children to not know how to interact with others in the real world they think that it is okay to violate personal space because they were never taught what that was. With the isolation and feelings of oddity in the child, they begin to manifest fantasies within their own mind (Miller, 2014, p.14). Many times the child starts out with violent sexual fantasies that they would like to act out but do not have an execution plan so they experiment on inanimate objects or even themselves or family members who will not tell such as younger siblings. This quickly escalates to the things they do to strangers in society starting with smaller steps such as stalking, peeping tom, or abduction. With such successes, they begin their reign of terror

A father who beat his children into submission, a grandfather who once strangled a baby because it would not stop crying, and a brother who threw his eight month pregnant wife into a ditch and beat her (Black, 2013, p. 134-135). The Deases family is an extreme case of ASPD and psychopathy being transferred, not all families are like this because averagely there is that 16% chance, but individually some families have higher percentages than others, as was the case with the Deases. ASPD can also be influenced by: “bad parenting, defective genes, childhood trauma, poverty—are a few of the proposed causes […],” however, this disorder usually arises from an combination of different causes (Black, 2013, p. 132). The idea that children who are young and impressionable are more than likely going to pick up habits that their parents exhibit, even if those habits are poor ones (Black, 2013, p. 132).

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), opposition defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are three distinct disorders based upon their respective diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. If ODD and CD were mild forms of ASPD, then there would need to be causal relationship between the childhood manifestations of ODD and CD and the adult manifestation of ASPD. There is evidence of comorbidity between ODD and CD, and also evidence to suggest that children diagnosed with these disorders may go on to develop ASPD later in life; however, correlation does not equal causation. The three disorders have subtle but important differences in their associated behaviors, underlying causes, treatment outcomes, and neurological signs.

Child behavior has been an ongoing controversial topic for years now. Child behavior has without a doubt gotten worse over the years. Statistics have proven that juvenile behavior has become increasingly worse due to things such as crime rates, teen pregnancies, unemployment rates, and more.

Antisocial behaviour has negative impacts on community perceptions of safety and people’s quality of life. For example, it could be intimidating the establishment and maintenance of a safe and secure community, which is an important for community wellbeing and cohesion as well as sound economic growth through continuing business activity and investment. According to Armitage (2002), individual who engaged in antisocial behaviour can be result in excluded from important support mechanism such as school, their families and service providers. Involvement in antisocial behaviour can be persists throughout adolescence into adulthood, becoming a more significant social issue with long term negative consequences for the individual, their family and the wider community. The research also found that individuals who went on to engage in persistent antisocial behaviour during adolescence were consistently reported to be more aggressive, and more temperamentally reactive from mid-childhood onwards than individuals who later engaged in little or no antisocial behaviour. They also risk coming into contact with the criminal justice system. According to

S. Lee, J. Manganello, J. Rice, C. Taylor (2010) preformed a study to understand childhood aggression. The journal article of Mothers’ Spanking of 3-Year-Old Children and Subsequent Risk of Children’s Aggressive Behavior starts by saying that they are not the first to perform this research and many of studies have displayed connection between corporal punishment with children and child aggression. They are testing their research with new controlling factors, which have not been controlled together before. (Lee et al., 2010) The main goal of the article is to determine the association between the use of corporal punishment against 3-year-old children and recognize later aggressive behavior among those children.

Understanding the relationship between antisocial behaviour and development is observable through two distinct categories identified by Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy. This theory recognized that during our early development, it would be possible to classify antisocial behaviour as something that would either persist over our lifetime or occur sporadically during our adolescence and then desist. In this analysis, the differences and limitations of the two types within Moffitt’s theory will be discussed and the relation between antisocial behaviour and development will be

Various forms of anti-social behavior can result in a range of victimization such as psychological victimization – verbal abuse, physical victimization – rape or battering, common victimization – vandalism and economic victimization – robbery. Raising children in a single family in socially deprived area and with an aggressive family member can have effects in a number of ways. Anti-social person can have feelings of hostility low self-esteem or depression that can bring damage to other person by inflicting an injury. When we want to assess a risk of crime then we need to know about background of criminals and environment and what possibilities and opportunities might lead to crime. My dissertation will address multiple aspects in the psychological abuse, for instance, PTSD - post-traumatic stress disorder, the personality of offender – aggressive or hyperactive behavior, physical and sexual maltreatment, bullying from relatives and friends in the living environment, impulsiveness, intimidation and domestic violence. The main reason why crime occurs in society perhaps lies in a range of negative aspects of life and then it is followed by opportunities to improve living standard for those affected and to gain an access to services that helps in well-being because those services such as dental care is charged with a higher fee. Those aspects are almost not removable in society that is why potentiality for crime is latent and later to attract more occasions than would relate to conformity with social rules. Hence, many scholars argue that living within psychological mistreatment during childhood will reflect in a higher crime rate in later life of people with anti-social personality. Interventions that can be made to prevent a crime rate of those individuals might be missing that led them to be involved with the criminal justice.

Research and etiology on the problem behaviors in childhood and adolescence often focus on the role of the family on the development of antisocial behavior. An important factor examined in past studies has been family structure, and this research has shown that youth from single parent families often have higher

A second study within female CD children found that the prevalence of behavioral criteria within males is distinctly higher than females, especially when the behaviors are in the moderate to severe categories. Where “male adolescents being more likely than female adolescents to commit violent crimes[…]In female adolescents, CD is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including teenage pregnancy, antisocial personality disorder. (Fairchild et al., 2012, p.1) These brain abnormalities within the females were also found within the areas of the brain’s emotional processing, reward, and empathy centers. (Fairchild et al., 2012)