Early Civilizations

The decline of Mesopotamia was most likely caused by the the creation of the first territorial kingdom which relied on the poorest people to pay taxes, provide labor, and serve in the army. The poorest people due to performing all the hard labor, most likely despised their king which caused them to welcome nomadic invaders. Moreover, the territorial kingdom caused kings to try and extend their power outside of cities. Also, the shift in power from god to king's most likely caused the decline.

The first civilizations, the foundations for future empires, were all founded and created between 3500 B.C.E. and 500 B.C.E. by groups of nomadic peoples who decided to settle in an area for certain group specific reasons. Some of the main states of the first civilization were Mesopotamia, Norte Chico, Egypt, Indus Valley, China, and Olmec. The second wave civilizations, built between 500 B.C.E. and 500 C.E., included the Persians, the Greeks, Romans, Chinese (Qin and Han), and India (Mauryan and Gupta). The first wave civilizations were sparked by the agricultural movement that led to the settlement of large groups of people in areas that became the cities and states that formed these first civilizations. The rise of civilization led to

There were various reasons that attributed to the decline of these early civilizations. One reason is because of the irrigation techniques that they developed. The rivers in this region is higher than the fields so the water for irrigation flows into the fields and it could not easily drain due to the gap between the river and the fields. After the evaporation of water in the farmlands, the water leaves behind mineral salts that are poisonous for the plants. Over time, their crops die and it could no longer support the crop’s growth because the soil is now toxic. Another reason is that it was invaded by the Hittites that marked the end of these early civilizations.

Many civilizations fail due to human's activity. A famous example would be the Easter Island who failed to see the long-term effects they had on their island. But other civilizations decline is not directly related to human activity.

But even how majestic and great an empire is they still disappeared and collapsed. They experienced a lot of problems that made their sturdy empire crumbled. What are the factors that lead to their collapse? Robert Lamb listed some factors such as genocidal warfare, epidemic disease or geological upheaval that damaged the large, centralized population. This is the reason why Mayan civilization vanished. The Spanish invasion brought warfare, disease, and a foreign culture. Environmental changes also affect the civilization by bringing damage to food supply. It was believed that a 300-year drought decimated the Akkadian empire between 2200 B.C. and 2500 B.C. It was speculated that the Roman Empire fell because of outer attrition by barbarian

In the ancient land of Mesopotamia many great factions fought for control of the land, many rose and many fell the only constant in Mesopotamia was war. All of the civilizations that lived in Mesopotamia rose and fell like the sun.

Many political, social, economic, and religious institutions emerged during this time. A political institution that emerged during this time was writing. Cuneiform, which was used in the Middle East, enabled civilizations to organize more complex political structures by sending and keeping records. A social institution that emerged was communication. When people became literate, they were able to communicate with more ease on paper and in person. An economic institution that emerged was taxes due to the increased literacy rate and advanced record keeping process. A religious institution that emerged was people's dedication to their religion, and in turn, to the creation of places of worship like ziggurats and godlike leaders. In conclusion,

A pre-axial civilisation was a primordial type of society built on paganist beliefs. In this type of civilisation, society was symbolically structured by a spiritual (transcendental) order rather than an earthly (mundane) order (Eisenstadt, 1982; 1986). In other words, society was structured according to the principles set by deity/deities (spiritual order) and not by humans (earthly order) of a specific civilisation. For instance, in pre-axial civilisations such as ancient Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia, the Egyptians and Mesopotamians structured their societies based on a certain spiritual order. For a pre-axial civilisation, the spiritual order was generally perceived as “higher and stronger” (Eisenstadt, 1982: 296) than the earthly order

A reason that the emergence of the First Civilizations was a negative development for humankind was that it lead to many inequalities.

Thousands of years ago, as mankind began to discover more elaborate discoveries in the world, people improved their lifestyle over a long period of time. Towns and villages grew immensely and before we knew it, a society had emerged. In these towns, the people normally had the same religion, culture, laws, and economy. The members in a society are what make up a civilization. When these people flourish together as a society, the civilization improves and becomes more advanced with knowledge and technology.

How do the political, religious, and social structures of Harappan society compare its counterparts in Mesopotamia and Egypt?

The phrase “Rome wasn’t built in a day” is commonly used to describe things that take time and patience. The phrase is very true, Rome was not built in a day and it did not rise out of nothing. The rise of Rome was impacted greatly by Etruscan urbanism, Greek colonization, and Hellenistic imperialism. These external influences gave rise to the Republic by impacting the growth and formation of the city, both architecturally and civically, and contributing to the eventual success of the urbs.

While many collapses are thought to have occurred from several factors compounding over many years, most can be attributed to three main issues: the environment, war, and trade. Environmental changes seem to have the quickest and most drastic affect on civilizations,

The first human societies were known as Egalitarian Societies made up of small populations. The Paleolithic people were existent during The Old Stone Age, and they were known for creating cave art used for ceremonial purposes, using

The first human societies were known as Egalitarian Societies made up of small populations. The Paleolithic people were existent during The Old Stone Age, and they were known for creating cave art used for ceremonial purposes, using