Early Developmental Experiences

Gender socialization is learning expected behaviors about one’s own sex based on society norms. Gender socialization has great impact on the health of both men and women. In our society, the assigned gender roles when adhered strictly can be detrimental to the overall mental and physical of health status of people. If males and females has to live within the society construct of what the roles of the genders should be, then there is great danger of not living a fulfil lives if one deviates from the assigned roles that the society demands.

During my observation at the preschool here at Harper, I looked around and realized a lot of similarities and differences it has; compared to other daycare and preschool centers. The age of children in the room I observed was ages 3-5 with one lead teacher, and depending on the ratio of how many kids showed up on that day, about three or four helping teachers. The program was set up to a very open, happy and overwhelming setting. Every furniture and object in the room had a sign saying what it was, and then underneath the typed out word was the children’s way of writing what the object was. For example, a book shelf was in the corner of the room; on the book shelf was the word printed out “Book

The prenatal period is when quick changes in the fetal organs are vulnerable to organizing change and stability but also building internal working system to trigger emotional responses (McEwen et al. 2013). It is a critical time for brain development and the PFC (McEwen et al. 2013). It exposes a selection of long -term modifications on brain development and behaviour (Entringer et al. 2009). Prenatal exposure to stress affects hormones in the body including the physiology and anatomy that relate to increasing drug levels, cortical communication and more (Entringer et al. 2009). Fetal stress is any event that interrupts a fetal process in stability in the body. (Entringer et al. 2009). During pregnancy, maternal stress impends the fetal nervous system and shortens the length of maturation due to many issues and concerns affecting the mother (Entringer et al. 2009). During pregnancy, maternal psychosocial stress threatens the fetal nervous system and contracts the length of gestation (Entringer et al. 2009). High levels of placental corticotrophin- releasing hormone

cope in the face of danger. In situations of chronic threat, a condition called ‘hypercortisolism’

Parental loss and separation has been connected to a variety of adverse early experiences, including family conflict, socioeconomic disadvantage, neglect and abuse (Rutter, 2006). Exposure to such adversity may lead to a cascade of problematic social development that results in increased vulnerability to psychosis (Read et al, 2005).

Trauma is defined as “Any event (or events) that may cause or threaten death, serious injury, or sexual violence to an individual, a close family member, or a close friend” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These horrifying experiences leave individuals scarred and mentally shaken for an extensive period. However, what happens when it occurs in one of the most influential periods of mental development? Childhood development is a critical time in a person’s

The processes by which the effects of stress and trauma experienced in one generation can be transmitted to the subsequent generations involves multiple factors and intersecting pathways (Bombay, Anisman, & Matheson, 2009, 2014; Bowers & Yehuda, 2016; Dekel & Goldblatt, 2008). It is known that adverse experiences in childhood and adulthood may influence the risk for various health and social outcomes in offspring of those who encountered the stressor or trauma directly (Bombay et al., 2009, 2014; Bowers & Yehuda, 2016; Dekel & Goldblatt, 2008). For example, the experiences of parents have been shown to be linked with the way their children appraise certain situations, including

Sometimes, they don’t even get to celebrate Birthdays, Christmas, Halloween, Easter, or even Thanksgiving. This lack of love, community, and emotional support can cause a tremendous amount of psychiatric problems in a child. According to the researchers at Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA, “Toxic Childhood has been linked to elevated cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and other physical conditions posing a significant health risk. The researchers suggest that toxic childhood stress alters neural responses to stress, boosting the emotional and physical arousal to threat and making it more difficult for that reaction to be shut off” (Bergland). This suggests just how dangerous it can be to for a child to have to go through their life without a family, which is why adopting a child is such a crucial ordeal for a child’s well being.

Anda, R.F., Felitti, V.J., Bremner, J.D., Walker, J.D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B.D., Dube, S.R. & Giles, W.H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 256: 174-186.

This has been commonality in children living in poverty, violence, and conditions where families struggle with having enough resources. Thompson believes because of plasticity and other brain and biological developments, the effects can be reversed. Thompson believes a familial and relational intervention can help underprivileged children reduce stress therefore reversing the potential effects of stress. Thompson suggests a “multigenerational” approach will give at-risk children the coping skills and the ability to handle on-going stressful conditions. This multi-generational approach would begin with the child’s immediate family and venture into extended family and caregivers. Many behavioral issues in children are precisely due to familial issues within the household and environmental issues. The article recognizes the nurturing of child can aid in reversing and reducing stress

Adverse childhood experiences are perhaps terrible and upsetting occasions which can have negative, lasting impacts for health and well-being. These experiences range from physical, emotional, or sexual abuse to parental separation or the imprisoning of a guardian (Vanessa Sacks et al. 2014). It is important to know the connection between childhood experiences and wellbeing in adulthood in the area of study based on psychology. The adversity of someone’s childhood experiences will strongly influence towards the adulthood, it might cause the negative and worse effect to a person’s future. This essay aims to rhetorically evaluate the credibility of three different sources which focus on the research question, how do the adversity of the childhood

Childhood is a very fragile period in an individual’s life. When a child is exposed to maltreatment, it has been show that maltreatment has been linked as a large risk factor for both depression and anxiety (Herringa, et al, 2013). One way individuals have

Pt is a 17y/o Caucasian female presenting to NNBHC with her parents due to SI and suicidal gestures. Pt communicated that she has been decompensating for several weeks, where she felt her Lamictal wasn’t effective. She soon becomes noncompliant with taking her Lamictal for several days. She states that she has been having increase panic attacks and anxiety. She states that she was in her room today sitting on the floor rocking, thinking about hanging herself. She states that she had a nuance in her hand, and her boyfriend found her who deescalated her. She states her boyfriend than called her parents to come home. She states a peer had committed suicide x3months ago, and its coming up on the anniversary of another peers who committed suicide on 11/20. Pt demonstrated an incongruent mood throughout communicating, about her suicidal gesture where she would begin to cry than transition to smiling. Pt denies psychosis, or paranoid thinking. Pt states she has been

In this empirical study, Gibb and Chelminski (2007) examined childhood emotional and the diagnoses of depressive and anxiety disorders before adulthood. Gibb and Chelminski (2007) states that that people with major depression has the same stages of childhood emotional abuse as people with social phobia, but lower levels of emotional abuse than people with posttraumatic stress disorder. On the other hand, Padilla and Calvete (2014) examined whether childhood parental emotional abuse and peer emotional bullying serve as a cause of depression in adolescence. The results showed that both emotional abuse made by parents/ foster parents and predicts the worst in cognitive vulnerabilities. Padilla et al. hypothesis was supported that emotional abused

In this essay, I will discuss my experience during middle and late childhood. I will address three stages which are the physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development. The physical development consists of body and brain growth, health issues, and motor skills. The cognitive development consists of language, memory, and attention. Socioemotional development is based on relationship, employment, and personality.