Early Law Enforcement

During the Political Era the police departments were typically established and controlled by local government agencies. The Police being ran by the Local Government means that the State and Federal government did not interfere too much. Only well established families or local political groups would get the local elected positions. Police also did a lot

Policing has been a part of America for many decades. In fact, policing was known to exist prior to 1066, the year of the Normandy Invasion of Britain. Throughout the years policing has been a complicated and ongoing progress. The people of England did not have a stabilized policing standard and were often responsible for protecting and serving themselves. As early as the 1600s the Colonial America introduced the English styles of policing; citizens were responsible for monitoring community members’ behavior. Early constables and sheriffs were with the increased rate of crime and developed a ‘sort’ in community policing known as “watch and ward.” Later throughout history in the early 1700s policing became an

Policing today consists of three eras. These three eras have adapted and built off one another through history (Parr, 2014). The first era started around 1840 to 1930, and is known as the Political Era. The second Era is known as the Reform Era and lasted from 1930 to 1970. The last era is called the Community-Problem Solving Era and is still being adapted and used today. The Political Era emphasizes on meeting the needs of politicians. The police were given power through the local government and the community had very little say in what happened. The police and politicians worked together to control the city and neighborhoods (Palmiotto, 2000). This was often referred to as a ward. The ward politician controlled all the police in their neighborhood. The police officers tasks included not only crime prevention and order but a lot of social service activities that involved their neighborhoods. The officers resembled the ethnic backgrounds of the neighborhoods they lived and worked in and performed their patrols gaining trust from their community (Palmiotto, 2000). This allowed positive integration of police officers leading to more public service, and the trust of the officers to stop crime when is starts.

Early American policing strategies were based on the British model. Law enforcement was not organized until 1200 A.D. offenders were pursued by an organized posse. If offenders were caught they

Introduction--London Metropolitan Police was the first police agency and was developed in 1829. The first police agencies in the United States were in Boston (1838), New York (1844); and Philadelphia (1854). Criminal justice system was first recognized in 1919, by the Chicago crime commission.

In April of 1635, the City of Boston established the first system of law enforcement in the 13 colonies. They were called the “Night Watch”, the officers worked part-time with no pay. It was until 1712 when the City of Boston hired its first paid full time law enforcement officer in the 13 colonies. On September 24, 1789 “the United States Congress created the first Federal law enforcement officer, the United

Sir Robert Peel, known as the ‘father’ of modern policing, set the foundation for organization and structure in modern day policing in London. The United States followed behind shortly thereafter to enlist a police force for order, organization, and service. Peel set up “Peel’s Nine Principals” which the United States still abides by to this day. The ‘father’ of policing has helped our government to overcome harsh judgment, corruption, and harsh actions, and has made it possible for citizens of this society to bond with local law enforcement. This has allowed our law enforcement to handle situations appropriately and incorporate bigger agencies to handle more diverse problems throughout the

The U.S’s law enforcement mores originate from the English Law Enforcement. When the U.S. came into being with the endorsement of the Constitution, the twofold sovereignty of state and democracy required the designation of distinct officers to represent the

     Law enforcement is divided into three major eras throughout history. These eras are the political era, the reform era and the community era. The political era that took place between 1840-1930 was characterized by five points, which was the authority was coming from politicians and the law, a broad social service function, decentralized organization, an intimate relationship with the

This essay will discuss the role of the magistrate and jury in the English and Welsh legal decision-making process. It will assess both the advantages and disadvantages of both mechanisms and give an opinion on the contribution they make in the process.

The dictionary definition of the police is “the organized civil force of a state, concerned with maintenance of law and order, the detection and prevention of crime, etc,” (Collins English Dictionary, 2002). This definition states the minimum of what the police actually do. Providing support for families, protecting society from criminals and responding to calls 24 hours a day 7 days a week are just some of the other roles that police have to deal with. In this essay the evolution of the police will be discussed as well as how the police are facing challenges.

The criminal justice system of the fourteenth century was tied closely to the community. Villagers had the responsibility to insure good behaviour amongst their neighbours, through tithing groups. Detecting and preventing felonies was the responsibility of the tithing groups, through the hue. Administratively, the country was divided into shires, then hundreds, then vills or townships then tithings. Policing methods favoured the felon and keepers of the peace were one method the crown experiment with to keep order. The most common way of detecting felons was trough indictment made by villagers in the sheriff’s tourn, a corner’s inquest or an inquest of the keepers of the peace. Indictment in the sheriff’s tourn was the most common way to bring

The law enforcement in the early English fell in the hands of males that were over the age twelve. These group of males belong to a rural countryside villages or tuns. This community consist of ten families within the tithing. The males that were within the tithing were held accountable for the behaviors of the members within the villages. Which means that if anyone from the tithing commit any crime the village of the people will be held responsible for the other people’s crime. However, the villages became bigger and size meaning that it was time for someone to step in and become a leader of the village to help solve crimes and catch those who are committed crimes within the community and how the leader is elected is by the tithings and once elected the leader will be called the chief tithingman. Urban areas were in need of more law enforcement than other communities. Most of the law enforcement spent their time more in the urban areas to count down on criminal behaviors, but the with the constant surveillance from the night watch system became overwhelming to most law enforcement officers.

The Statute of Winchester was written in 1285. It indicated a breakdown in the traditional system of law enforcement and peacekeeping. Essentially, the statute of Winchester provided the legislative basis for law enforcement in England. the statue Reaffirmed the position of a constable and empowered “urban” constables to draft citizens as unpaid watchmen.

Explain and critically consider the use of lay magistrates in the legal system of England and Wales.