Earthworm Research Paper

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and can be used in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration, or cell respiration using oxygen, uses the end product of glycolysis in the TCA cycle to produce more energy currency in the form of ATP than can be obtained from an anaerobic pathway.

6. Continue cutting the skin of the earthworm towards the anterior end. It is best to use an upward-pointing direction with the scissors. As you cut the skin, pin back the skin to expose the gut.

In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are taken into the cells, then they are converted to carbon dioxide, water and ATP energy and some other energy. Some of the ATP energy is used in photosynthesis; a large amount of

The crayfish differs from the earthworm and the chordate because it has a hard exoskeleton that covers its body.

Figure 1. A Comparison of a CAP Recording of an Earthworm to an Intercellular Recording. The “taller” graph is a depiction of a microelectrode recording of an action potential inside a neuron. The highlighted graph is a depiction of an extracellular recording suction electrode on a giant earthworm. The dotted line represents the minimum voltage needed to depolarize an action potential. The results are obtained from a PowerLab Data Acquisition Unit and a LabChart computerized software. The data are recorded in units of milliseconds and millivolts.

When cellular respiration is in process, hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose and transferred to oxygen atoms that form CO2 and H2O. A major process of cellular respiration is Glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of the mitochondria. Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules. Energy is used to release glucose, which gains 2 ATP. Oxidation follows which produces NADH. . (Mader, 2009)

The lifecycle of a heartworms begins when a female mosquito ingest blood containing microfilariae from a heartworm infected animal. Inside the body of the mosquito, the microfilariae develops into first stage larvae (L1) and then undergoes two more process to develop into third stage larvae (L3) of which is the infective stage. Depending on the temperature, this development process can take between eight and thirty days. At this point, when the infected mosquito attaches to a cat and feeds on its blood, the third-stage larva is transferred into the mosquito bite wound. Within three days of entering the cat, the L3 molt to the L4 stage in the tissues and muscles that lay just below the skin of the cat. After about two months of migrating through the muscles and tissues, the L4 undergoes a final development into immature adult heartworms. Seventy to ninety days post infection, the immature adult heartworms then enter a peripheral vein and are carried by the cat’s blood circulation system to the caudal pulmonary arteries. This is where the majority of heartworms are cleared from the cat due to a mass immune response, but a few may continue development into adults. Once the heartworm develop into adults, they invade the heart first and then spread to other organs in the body and cause

The adult darkling beetle lives from one to three months (Mealwormcare.org, 2016). The mealworm has a hard body that is designed to burrow, eat, and store fat (Ipm.iastate.edu, 2016). There are three significant body sections which are the thorax, head, and abdomen (Animals.mom.me, 2016). The head of the mealworm has a mouth antennae and eyes. The eyes are under developed due to its burrowing habits (Wikipedia, 2016). The thorax contains three sections that has two short legs with claws on the end. The mealworm has poor walking abilities but is equipped with claws that allow swift burrowing, (Enchantedlearning.com, 2016).The abdomen has nine segments held together by a spine. The abdomen holds a majority of fat that is stored for the mealworms transformation to an adult (Wikipedia, 2016). The mealworms

When society thinks about crayfish and earthworms they become extremely curious about how their bodies operate because of how they are made up. I will give a brief synopsis of both animals before going into major detail about them. According to the online website named dictionary.com, it says that an earthworm is a burrowing annelid worm that lives in the soil. Earthworms play an important role in aerating and draining the soil and in burying organic matter (Dictionary). Crayfish are nocturnal freshwater crustacean that resembles a small lobster and inhabits in streams and rivers (Dictionary). Crayfish and earthworms are some very interesting animals that possess some exclusive qualities both similar and different.

Cell proliferation in planarians carried out through the formation of the blastema regeneration and proliferating, having to require steps, mitosis and migration, to active area of planarian regeneration. Interactions between pre-existing and regenerated tissues distinguish the positional identities of tissues due to the origin of influence. Not all planarian species display morphallaxis pattern therefore not all triclad planarians such as, free-living flatworms with the characteristics of having three branches. D. lugubris species display relationship between pre-existing tissues and the blastema, forming new structures or having old structure be remodeled within pre-existing tissue. Studying planarians have hinted that organ system and cell type regulation that occur are produce d in proper proportions, developing the result defining that proportion of specific tissues in planarians models and their cell numbers correspond to each

The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occur in the mitochondria and results in the formation of ATP and other molecules which undergo farther reactions to form more ATP. Cellular respiration can be divided into four sequences. The first sequence is glycolysis, its breaks down one molecule glucose into two molecules pyruyate. Transition takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and it’s referred to the beginning of aerobic respiration. The process takes place if there is enough amounts of oxygen in the mitochondria. However if there is insufficient oxygen in the mitochondria it could result into fermentation. Transition Reactions take place in the pyruvate molecule. In transition reactions two hydrogen electrons and one carbon

Every living thing needs cellular respiration to survive. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. This process happens through three distinct operations which are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Throughout these cycles, our bodies turn oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Although this system seems simple enough, cellular respiration can not take place in just one step because all of the energy from glucose would be released at once, most of it being lost in the form of light and heat. All this plays a very important role in our lives and without it, organisms would cease to exist.

Cellular respiration is a process that happens in all living eukaryotic cells. What cellular respiration does is turn food often carbohydrates into energy for our bodies. Cellular respiration starts with a carbohydrates sugar called glucose. What it does is alter and break down the six carbon molecule glucose and altering it creating two three carbon molecules called pyruvic acids in an anaerobic process called glycolosis (Cellular respiration). What this process does is create two ATP molecules which are basically molecules which provide energy to run all cellular processes in our bodies (king). However, from here in the process can turn aerobic, meaning using oxygen if present or anaerobic meaning when oxygen is not present in a

The goal of cellular respiration, is to convert glucose into to adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. The first step in cellular respiration is glycolysis which takes place in the cytoplasm. Where glucose goes in and is broken down into two, three carbon molecules called pyruvate. Glycolysis also produces 2 ATP’s, and 2 NADH’s. Next the 2 molecules of pyruvate goes through pyruvate oxidation still in the cytoplasm where it is oxidized into acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then moves into the mitochondria and the citric acid cycle where it undergoes oxidation to produce three molecules of NADH and one molecule FADH2, 2 CO2, and 1 molecule of ATP. In the final stage, NADH and FADH2 electrons are donated to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial matrix. Where they go through four complexes and are oxidized. The energy from the electrons activates proteins to pump hydrogen ions to the inner membrane space from the matrix. Once the electrons activate protein four, they no longer possess energy. The electrons then bind with oxygen, which is the final electron acceptor and bind with hydrogen to create water. ATP synthase takes a ADP and a phosphate molecule bind together through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Finally producing 32 molecules of ATP are produced. If cellular respiration were to not run as smoothly, and oxygen was absent from respiration fermentation would occur.

Cellular respiration is the process in which cells convert energy from the environment into molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the energy currency of the cell; it is a highly energetic molecule that is used by the cell almost immediately after it is produced. Thus, more ATP must be made and cellular respiration is constantly running. In cellular respiration, a six-carbon sugar and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide and water, and as a result of this reaction, ATP is released. The chemical formula of cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP). The reactants of cellular respiration, a 6-carbon sugar and oxygen, are produced by the cell during photosynthesis. Thus, cellular respiration and photosynthesis are interrelated (“BIO 1510 Laboratory Manual,” 2016).