Eassy : Submarine Communication Cables

This report was commissioned to review the Collins Class Submarine Project “Deep trouble”. The primary objective of this report is to analyses the dimensions of risk that need continuous management due to inter-relationships of all elements within Project Management and the importance of stakeholders. The topic was researched through extensive sources, including government bodies, course materials and other sources to provide the relevant information.

This separation presented communication and data-sharing challenges. Furthermore, the new design contained a number of technical risks, one of them was designing a submarine that would operate in a manner and environment very different from what Kockums was accustomed to. The risk resulted fuel system has been proven to be problematic. Swedish submarines have short patrols in calm, relatively fresh water. When a similar design was used in the salty, open water in which Australian submarines operate, water was sucked into the engine causing failure. Moreover, the RAN submarines transit greater distance and are on station for months at time, which has number of implications for fuel storage, hotel service, and other hull design features. The difference in operation concept and environment ultimately led to some equipment and system decision during design that caused problems with operations and supportability.

After completing the entry of a package of six Russian kilos on January 20, 2017, Vietnam has officially become a member of the "submarine club". With the existing six submarines, Vietnam's ability to defend and control territorial waters has increased significantly. However, with the topographic features of the South China Sea, kilos can not work effectively in certain areas such as estuaries, bays or islands, this is necessary for the purpose of Vietnam's sea defense in the current geopolitical situation. So, sooner or later, the second submarine brigade, that is based on high mobility mini submarine that replenishing the existing six Kilos, must be established . This paper will demonstrate that mini submarines are

A submarine is defined as “something that functions or operates underwater; specifically: a naval vessel designed to operate underwater.” This definition holds true today but started at the beginning of the Civil War when submarines originally became a popular choice of weaponry. In general, submarine crews were composed of a commander, who steered the boat, and six or more men who used hand cranks to move the boat. Many inventors intended on creating electric motors to move the boat, but they were unable to produce enough torque. Submarines were primarily used in combat because they could travel invisibly. Innovations like submarines did not just change the way people fought wars–they also changed the way people lived.

The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse in 1844, and telegraph wires soon sprang up all along the East Coast” (http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/civil-war-innovations/). During the Civil War, there were 15,000 miles of cables laid for the telegraph, mainly for military reasons. The telegraph also helped news reporters to be able to spread the news more quickly. Obviously now we don’t use telegraphs anymore, but since the Civil War technology has developed and now the telegraph has basically become the telephone. Today, we have updated the telegraph to fit modern society, but the basic principle of the telegraph is still used

Data security: Magnetic fields and current induction work in two ways, they just don’t generate noise in signal carrying conductors; they also let the information on the conductor to be leaked out. Since there are no radiated magnetic fields around optical fibers; electromagnetic fields are confined within the fiber. This makes it impossible to tap the signal being transmitted over fiber cable. Thus the fiber cable is the most secure medium available for carrying sensitive data.

When first thinking of fixed line networks they think of the coaxial cable (coax) which connects to their television and twisted pair terminated with a RG-11 plug for their phones and faxes. There two variation of coax that are used in networking, thicknet (RG8) and thinnet

Coaxial cable uses a single conductor in the middle of a cable and the central conductor is surrounded by an insulator which is called the dielectric. Coax cables have become obsolete. Unshielded twisted pair cabling, also known as UTP cabling, has become the most common used network cabling. UTP cabling consists of four twisted pairs of wire, which have a different number of twists per foot, all encased on one sheath. This cabling is graded by different categories. Category 5 is recommended for Ethernet speeds of 100 Mbps. Category 5e, for running gigabit Ethernet or 1000BaseT networks. Category 6 and Category 6a are used to give better performance at higher speeds. Fiber optic cable is wave guided or light guided because it guides the light waves along the length of the cable. Single mode fiber optic cable can operate over long distances. Because fiber allows one mode of light to propagate, light pulses put on the fiber keep their shape much longer. This allows the light pulses to travel much further without interfering with other

Coaxial cable consists of a core of copper wire surrounded by insulation, a braided metal shielding, and an outer cover.

3. Coaxial: A single copper wire surrounded by insultation. More expensive than copper twisted pair

The Royal Australian Navy’s Collins Class Submarine is designed to replace the 30 year old Oberon Submarines. The Collins Class is the first submarine to be made in Australia and is the most advanced of its time due to its software architecture. Deep Trouble addresses various issues that were faced during the design and development stages of the Collins Class project. This report will focus on the interrelationship between the three PMBOK knowledge areas of scope, procurement and quality management and the impact each had on the final project.

Providing for homeland security in the United States requires protection from a diverse set of threats. One prominent avenue of attack is via maritime routes, yet the nature of the coastal marine space makes it extremely difficult to detect and intercept smuggling vessels. Many sensing technologies exist for detection of seacraft, but there are few options for deployment of these sensors. Currently, such sensors are deployed on various manned vessels, tethered buoys, and aircraft. Development and testing of purpose built anti-submarine systems such as DARPA’s ASW Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) (more colorfully known as the “ghost hunter”), is underway but suffers from high cost.

The NAVSUBASE Kings Bay BCO Base Level Information Infrastructure (BLII) is the primary means for the transfer of voice and digital information between and among Navy activities and other officially authorized DOD and U.S. Federal entities operating on, or within, the immediate vicinity of, U.S. Navy installations supported by NAVSUBASE Kings Bay. The BLII also provides connectivity for shore-based activities to long haul and tactical fleet telecommunications gateways. Details of contingency and emergency support required are provided in sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, and

reviewed and illustrated by comparison of the solutions adopted for two major European cable stayed

Light enters one end of the fiber from a light bulb, laser, or some other source, and travels essentially unimpeded all the way to the length of the fiber where it is intercepted by a photosensitive detector such as an electronic device or even the human eye. The distance of travel varies according to the use to anywhere from just a few inches to over one-hundred and fifty miles. Fiber optic cable can transmit large amounts of information over one-hundred and fifty miles almost instantaneously. “While it takes five hours to transmit the contents of an encyclopedia over copper wires, the entire work can be transmitted in less than a minute over fiber optics” (Yawn PG).