EBIT-EPS analysis
The EBIT-EPS analysis, as a method to study the effect of leverage, essentially involves the comparison of alternative methods of financing under various assumptions of EBIT. A firm has the choice to raise funds for financing its investment proposals from different sources in different proportions. For instance, it can (i) exclusively use equity capital
(ii) exclusively use debt
(iii) exclusively use preference capital
(iv) use a combination of (i) and (ii) in different proportions
(v) a combination of (i), (ii) and (iii) in different proportions
(vi) a combination of (i) and (iii) in different proportions and so on. The choice of the combination of the various sources would be one which, given the level of
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A steeper slope also means a higher return, and that the company needs to earn less EBIT to produce greater EPS. The breakeven point is also important because it tells the business how much EBIT there must be to avoid losses, and varies at different proportions of debt to equity.
The EBIT level at which the EPS is the same for two alternative financial plan is referred to as the indifferencepoint/level.
There is no indifference point between debt and preferred.Debt alternative dominates preferred for all levels of EBIT( by a constant amount of earnings per share)
The indifference point between any two financing methods can be expressed mathematically: ( EBIT*- I1) (1-T)= (EBIT*- I2) (1-T) S1 S2 I1,I2= annual interest expenses or preferred dividends on a before tax basis S1,S2=number of common shares outstanding for methods 1 and 2. T= tax rate
Indifference level of EBIT between debt and common stock financing: ( EBIT*- 0) (1-0.50) = (EBIT* –450,000) (1-0.50) 300,000 200,000 EBIT*(0.5) (200,000) = (EBIT (0.50)-450,000 (0.50)) 300,000 100,000EBIT*=135,000,000 EBIT*= $ 1,350,000 The indifference point between debt and common alternatives is at $ 1,350,000. If EBIT is below this amount, common stock financing will give higher EPS. If EBIT is above this amount debt
2) The higher ratio of Debt to Total Equity may result to the lower of the debt credit rating. The lower of the credit rating will result to increase of the interest rate which will cost more to the company.
Debt to Equity ℎℎ ′ 9,771+1,885 Dividend Payout Inventory Turnover = 0.069 Working backwards from the income tax expense, we estimate income tax rate to be 34%. NOPAT is then Operating profit taxes, or 3,137*(1-0.34) = 0.319 Average
The firm has decided to increase the debt finance component portion from 20% to 30% which is a good decision since the interest payments are 100% tax deductible. The appropriate capital structure would be to
The chart to the left shows the relative return on equity for EBAY and its competitors. It clearly indicates
The company position is strong enough so its better that company should use debt financing instead of equity financing.
Debit Retained Earnings $96,000; credit Common Stock Dividend Distributable $80,000; credit Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par Value, Common Stock $16,000.
b) If Olin issues $40 mm in debt to repurchase 2 million shares of equity (i.e. they replace $40 mm of equity with $40 mm of debt in their capital structure), and the interest rate on the debt is 10%, what will be the expected EPS next year?
Shareholder’s equity would be lower than that shown in 1982 ($318,000) because the company has to pay off interest and principal for many loans. There will be little money left for shareholder’s equity.
Break-even point analysis is a measurement system that calculates the margin of safety by comparing the amount of revenues or units that must be sold to cover fixed and variable costs associated with making the sales. In other words, it’s a way to calculate when a project will be profitable by equating its total revenues with its total expenses. There are several different uses for the equation, but all of them deal with managerial accounting and cost management (Break-Even Point, n.d.)
We assume linear increase in the EBIT and EBITDA at 3% for 1999 from 1998 figures. Considering the debt will be long-term, we test both 10- and 20-year corporate yields as interest rates to see what would be the coverage ratios, using the 1999 projected figures.
In Scenario A, the Debt would remain at 0 for good. This results in a D/V ratio of 0 which gives us a WACC of 9.21. Using the WACC to derive the Enterprise value of the company, it is found to be $3.043B. Subtracting the debt of $1.25B, we have a Value of Equity of $1.79B. Subtracting the $765M that is
Market value proportions of: Debt = $1,147,200 / $4,897,200 = 23.4% Pref. Share = $1,250,000 / $4,897,200 = 25.5% Common equity = $2,500,000 / $4,897,200 = 51.1%
A company's break-even point is the amount of sales or revenues that it must generate in order to equal its expenses. In other words, it is the point at which the company neither makes a profit nor suffers a loss. Calculating the break-even point (through break-even analysis) can provide a simple, yet powerful quantitative tool for managers. In its simplest form, break-even analysis provides insight into whether or not revenue from a product or service has the ability to cover the relevant costs of production of that product or service. Managers can use this information in making a wide range of business decisions, including setting prices, preparing competitive bids, and applying for loans.
• In particular, the EBIDTA figure inflates the earning of the firm, as it ignores “all the bad stuff” in its abbreviation. Furthermore, it is a pro forma figure which is very vulnerable to accounting manipulation.
Figure 2, which summarizes the output from the model, indicates that the optimal EBIT to interest ratio of Diageo is 4.2, because this level yields the lowest present value of taxes paid and distress costs. Diageo currently has an EBIT to interest ratio of 5, which would be slightly too high according to Equilibrium Theory. The company would benefit from an increased leverage level through tax savings as pointed out in question 2. However, a lot of Diageo’s firm value resides within brands, which are intangible assets and therefore imply a higher need of