Ebola Virus Research Paper

After the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa, GSK and Newlink Genetics, who is partnered with Merck, came out with two different experimental vaccines for Ebola. Both vaccines were first used in Liberia; some patients received the GSK vaccine, others received the Newlink/Merck vaccine, and some who received a placebo. There is also an experimental drug called ZMapp, which is basically a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies made in tobacco plants. Two doctors who were infected with Ebola took ZMapp and were cured. The vaccines are now in the third and final stages of experimentation and development and so far, according to the phase 2 (or the second stage of experimentation), the vaccines appear

Pharmaceutical companies raced to make the Ebola vaccine and finally in 2015 two vaccines were put into trial and gave very good results. One vaccine has a live replicating (can duplicate) virus and this will make the immune system fight back. The other vaccine is made of a virus that

There is nothing worse than seeing an adolescent life being taken away from a dangerous disease. It is really painful knowing that person will never get to live to see their full potential and experience life. Diseases cause many deaths every year, it is inevitable. Bacteria are contained in every disease and one way it is absorbed is by being inhaled by the people, which will infect the body as a whole. It is really simple in that bacteria will continue to live freely and happily while the host will have to suffer the effects of it. Some diseases are caused by viruses. A virus is basically a non-living infection that attacks the immune system and tries

The rVSV-ZEBVO (recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Zaire strain of Ebola virus) vaccine is considered a live recombinant virus. The vaccine consists of a VSV strain Indiana, with a glycoprotein that is part of the ZEBOV Kikwit 1995 strain. This strain replaces the gene for the VSV envelope glycoprotein. The Public Health Agency of Canada is who developed the vaccine but is licensed and sponsored to BioProtection Systems. It is sub-licensed by a company called Merck. They are responsible for ongoing research and development. Human serum albumin and trisaminomethane(hyrdoxymethyl) buffer was used to formulate this vaccine and then was dispensed into a vial that contained 100 million plaque-forming units (PFU). They then diluted by normal saline to formulate the 3 million PFU dose and the 20 million

While supportive treatments remain the main form of therapy, further research is continuing into the use of antiviral therapy particularly in severely ill patients. This involves investment and funding directed towards drug development, as few drugs currently exist for MERS-CoV. However, as (Modjarrad, 2016) notes, the outbreak of the Ebola virus served to accelerate research and development in the area. This remains in its novel phases as companies seek to either repurpose existing drugs or create new ones for use. As part of the research, "small interfering RNA molecules and peptide inhibitors are being investigated for their ability to disrupt

Zmapp is an experimental therapy to treat patients who have Ebola that is made out of three different monoclonal antibodies that work to prevent the spread of the Ebola virus in the body (Mapp Biopharmaceutical,2017). Zmapp is made by taking a genetically engineered virus and injecting it into a tobacco plant. The plant produces a large amount of antibodies. The plant will then turn yellow, and the leaves from this plant will be harvested. Cloned humanized anitbodies are separated from the plant purfieid and made into doses. When given to a patient these created antibodies will attach themselves to the ebola cells and destroy the virus. Based off an article written by the Washington post nanny1611 is correct it was too early to say whether

There is no specific treatment or cure for the Ebola virus. Given it has about a 90% death rate, and this is really, really high. The treatment that is given involves intensive nursing to replace lost body fluids and to prevent shock, renal failure, depletion of blood pressure. Mixing plasma and whole blood have been used but there were no appropriate clinical trials, so their effectiveness is unknown.

There is no vaccine available to prevent Ebola infection. The point of all prevention techniques is

Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as the Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a highly infectious, deadly disease. Ebolavirus is from the virus family of Filoviridae, which also includes Cuevavirus and Marburgvirus. Five species of Ebolavirus have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston, and Tai Forest.

Ebola is almost both bacterial and viral, but it is mostly a viral disease. In the early two thousands a group of security let a young nurse infected with Ebola on a plane to America which led to America with Ebola on our hands. The nurse and the people that she infected were put in complete isolation in a Texas motel. The motel had plastic wrapped around it so that the disease could not get out and harm people. The infected people were isolated in the area for twenty one days before they were let go, turns out that only 2 were infected. There are many ways that Ebola can spread, including blood, saliva, and all other bodily fluids. There were not as many drugs or treatments for the Ebola virus when it first arrived. The very few ways to try to control it are, an IV, making sure that blood pressure stays normal, and treat all other infections with antibiotics, aspirin, Tylenol, and prescriptions. Also a few fun facts about Ebola that I think people should know. Ebola is formally known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Ebola is not airborne, or water borne, it is transmitted. Ebola is treated by keeping bodily fluids maintained and under

There was no way to cure ebola until recently. Before the new breakthrough doctors treated people with ebola by a simple blood transfusion from ebola survivors and the antibodies in their blood would hopefully kill off the ebola virus. Although this treatment could not cure all cases of ebola, it did drop the fatality rate from 80 percent to a mere 12.5 percent(K. Mupapa et al.). The reason for this treatment has still yet to be explained(K. Mupapa et al.). Hannah Nichols who joined MNT with experience writing medical and health content for patient, health care professional, obstetrician, gynecologist and midwifery audiences in the specialist area of stem cell processing and research, has information about this ebola epidemic. The other ways to treat ebola include balancing the patient's fluids and electrolytes, maintaining their oxygen status and blood pressure, treating a patient for any complicating infections(Nichols). Ways to prevent ebola include ensuring all health care workers wear protective clothing (such as masks, gloves, gowns and goggles), implementing infection-control measures (such as complete equipment sterilization and routine use of disinfectant), isolation of Ebola patients from contact with unprotected persons(Nichols). There was no FDA approved vaccine that could be used. Doctors were stuck isolating patients and trying to balance their body fluids. Since ebola is only contracted from direct contact of body fluids, such as spit or blood, putting a mask on the patient with ebola could help prevent further spreading of this disease. But if someone were to get ebola a few years back then they would have to goto the hospital and be isolated

EHV is a severe and often fatal disease caused by the ebolavirus. It has an incubation period of 2 days to 3 weeks, during which the patient is not contagious. The patient will become contagious when the first symptoms appear, namely fever, sore throat, muscle pain and headaches, followed by vomiting, diarrhea, decreased kidney and liver function, and finally, internal and external bleeding. The virus can be from wild animals, as well as through human to human interaction. To be specific, contact with bodily fluids (such as blood, urine and feces) is required for transmission (World Health Organization (WHO) Media Centre, 2014). The average fatality rate of EHV through history has been roughly 50%, but it varies greatly from outbreak to outbreak. In this most recent outbreak, there have been 4033 deaths out of 4656 laboratory confirmed cases, for a fatality rate of 86.6%. This includes 2 cases in the United States (US), one of which ended with the patient from Dallas, Texas, succumbing to the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). At the moment, there is no licensed and regulated treatment or vaccine for the diseases. However, several treatments (blood, immunological and drug) and 2 vaccines are undergoing clinical trials as the world’s medical community rushes to find a way to end and prevent the epidemic. Currently, the only course of action for patients with EHV is hydration, and symptom-based treatment (World

Currently there is an epidemic of ebola occurring in Africa. It is spreading rapidly and coming up with an effective treatment or vaccine is important for curbing the disease. However, Ebola has the ability to mutate and would likely mutate around any potential treatment or vaccine developed. This raises important questions in the area of treatment. Generally, creating new medications takes many years and cannot hope to keep up with viral diseases.

The decision of undertaking the trial was made in the light of the continued support which was accorded in the applicability of using brincidofovir for viral diseases and its prioritization when it comes to its use by the world health organization on the Ebola therapeutics (Cooper et al., 2015). Also, the study was sparked by the desire to gain extra knowledge that various experiments in the non-human primate (NHP) models of the prevalent Ebola virus disease. The NHP models could not be able to provide efficient data since brincidofovir is usually metabolized differently by the NHP. Brincidofvir is considered to be in the late stages of the clinical trials and therefore there is an indication of the use of safety data available with more than 1000 subjects in most of the life-threatening infections and it is highly considered in such situations. In the prioritization of using brincidofovir for the purposes of evaluation in the 2014-2016 West African disease outbreak was extremely supported by all the countries and most of the medical research related organizations. The use of oral dosing, product stability, scalability of production of the dosage, immediate availability of brincidofovir and the low pill burden which came along with

Since there is no  preventative treatment for the Ebola virus currently and treatment is only experimental, we have to take careful measures in