Ebola Virus Research Paper

Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River which is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There are five identified ebola virus species: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus); and the Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), causes disease in nonhuman primates. There have been ebola outbreaks in Africa starting in 1976 and lasting until 2016. These outbreaks have occurred as a result of human to human contact with bodily fluids which happens mostly during funerals of the deceased and population migration between countries. Patterns between outbreaks could potentially

As with any infectious disease, whether it originates from a virus, bacterium, or fungi, there is the possibility that it will become an epidemic. For centuries, deadly diseases have threatened to infect and possibly eradicate mankind. The Ebola virus, which causes an extremely fatal hemorrhagic fever, is considered to be one of the most aggressive contagions in the world. The Ebola virus is a member of a family of RNA viruses known as, “Filoviridae” and is composed of multiple distinct subspecies (Bausch et al. 2007). It causes Ebola Virus Disease, a fairly new disease that plagues multiple poor countries within Africa. The virus mainly attacks the lymphatic system, but also severely damages the reproductive and reticuloendothelial systems. The Ebola virus disease causes muscle pain, weakness, limited kidney and liver function and extreme blood loss due to failure of blood clotting.

Ebola is so deadly, because it basically takes control over the body’s immune system (Cowart, 2014; Sullivan, Yan, and Nabel, 2003). Since Ebola targets the immune and vascular system, it pretty much targets all organs within the body (Cowart, 2014; Chan, 2014; Sullivan, Yan, and Nabel, 2003). According to Sullivan, Yan, and Nabel (2003), once the virus enters the body, it replicates at an accelerated rate overwhelming the body’s immune system. Upon infection with the virus, the virus invades the body’s monocytes and macrophages, which release cytokines that travel throughout a person’s vascular

got sick and died. This outbreak infected 318 with a death rate of 93% (Le

Ebola is an acute, infectious, hemorrhagic viral fever. It is an enveloped, single stranded, unsegmented, negative sense RNA virus. The genomes (complete set of genes) of the five different Ebola viruses differ in sequence and the number and location of gene overlaps. Ebola virons are filamentous particles that can appear in the shape of a shepherd’s crook, a “6”, a “U”, coiled, toroid or branched. The virons of the disease are roughly 80 nm (nanometers) in width and can be as long as 14,000 nm. Yet the average length of a viron is approximately 920 nm.

1) Ebola Virus- Belongs to the family Filoviridae. It has a single-stranded -sRNA genome, so it uses a RNA polymerase to create the +sRNA template, which acts as mRNA inside the host cell. The envelope is made up of peptidoglycan; the structure is made up of 7 structural proteins and 1 non-structural protein. This means it is an enveloped and susceptible to the outside environment. The Ebola virus replicates in Monocytes, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. When the Ebola virus is ready to leave the host cell it buds out and takes part of the cell membrane with it. Ebola has an incubation period of 8-10 days. (CDC)

The viruses in this family range from 800 to 1000 nanometers in length. Marburg and Ebola are distinguished by their length after purification. Infectivity depends on particular lengths: the longer, the more infectious. All Ebola viruses measure up to about the same length. Each virus particle consists of a helical-coiled tube made of four virally encoded proteins. This strand of RNA is found in an envelope formed from the host's plasma cell membrane, which is now spiked with another carbohydrate-coated viral protein. Differences in gene sequence and very small differences in serological nature are what make each Ebola virus unique from each other, with its own antigenic and biological properties.

After being infected with the Ebola virus it takes 2-21 days to take effect. It depends if you had a direct infection, such as a hypodermic needle or a syringe, or a less direct infection, such as close contact(www.lfc.edu/`musilam/bio3.html 3). This is just enough time to get on a plane and spread it to people in another area. This could

Ebola is a virus in the family Filoviridae and the genus Ebolavirus. Five virus species have been identified, four of which are known to cause disease in humans: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth

So far great progress has been made towards Ebola’s eradiation, including the candidate for the Ebola vaccine. There are great positive outlooks on the treatment of this recently destructive disease and possible future strains.

In this essay I will describe how Ebola can infect the human body and produce many replicates of itself.

Ebola is one of the deadliest viruses known to mankind! Ebola was originally named Ebola hemorrhagic fever due to its hemorrhagic nature. It is a rare but deadly disease caused by infection from an Ebola virus vector. Ebola can be contracted by humans and nonhumans such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. The Ebola virus has been detected in blood and many body fluids, including: saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, sweat, tears, breast milk, urine, semen, and vaginal fluids (Willett 16). Ebola can linger in your body for several days after recovery in organs such as the testes, eyes and spinal column fluid because it is not easily reached by the immune system. Ebola can also live on the surface of an object for several hours; it can live in

The Ebola virus is an infectious virus in most cases it ends fatally, and spread through infected body fluids. There are four kinds of the Ebola virus which are known to cause disease in Humans out of the five known strains: Zaire ebolavirus; Sudan Ebola virus; Taï Forest Ebola virus, Reston Ebola virus; and Bundibugyo virus Bundibugyo Ebola virus. The Zaire Ebola virus strain has fatality rates of up to 90%. The Sudan Ebola virus strain has fatality rates of around 40% to 75% in current outbreaks, and are known for the larger outbreaks in Africa. The remaining three strains of the Ebola virus have lower fatality rates due to the rare number of cases of Taï Forest Ebola virus, Reston Ebola virus; and Bundibugyo virus Bundibugyo Ebola

The virus is covered by a diameter enveloped in a cell ,which is about 80nm and the size can expand to about 100nm x 300-1500nm. The virus has a variety of structures such as a branch-shaped, U-shaped, ring-shaped or 6-shaped.The membrane contains a long spike that is formed with a helical ribosome and has four structural proteins in the virion. Ebola from different countries has diverse biological characteristics. The nucleocapsid protein in virus particles derives from the center of the spiral winding structure in genomic RNA. The viral protein score-shell protein contains the virus glycoprotein depth from the surface of virus particles, its 10nm long. The other 10nm set out to highlight the membrane surface, and the layer of the host cell membrane is from the region between the mantle and the nucleocapsid protein,which is called

The symptoms of Ebola are a fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, vomiting, stomach pain, sore throat, diarrhea, weakness and occasionally read eyes, rashes, hiccups, and internal and external bleeding and since these symptoms are not specific to Ebola, it is difficult to clinically diagnose and can often be confused with other viruses. The ELISA testing, short for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and virus isolation are a couple of examples of the types of laboratory testing that can be done to diagnose and Ebola patient. Because of how easily it can be transmitted, it is extremely difficult to treat and there is no approved, official treatment. As of now, there is not standard treatment but usually the patients are given fluids and oxygen, have their blood pressure monitored and other necessary treatment. To prevent transmission and spreading the virus, the doctors use extreme caution and wear head to toe protective gear and isolate the patient. Even though the Ebola virus is common in Africa, there has been no known outbreak in the United States. Another difficulty facing scientists and the treatment for Ebola is that the natural reservoir for the virus unknown. The natural reservoir of a virus is it’s long term host of the