Ebscohost Summary

On Friday, March 31st I observed Northside Elementary School in the Brookville school district. I watched in a separate speech therapy classroom for students who also require special education. There was only one student who attended each session and the only professional in the classroom was the speech language pathologist, Miss. Haag.

Author note: This paper was prepared for the American Federation of Teachers by Louisa C. Moats, project director, Washington D.C. site of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Early Interventions Project, and clinical associate professor of pediatrics, University of Texas, Houston, Health Sciences Center. Her work is supported in part by grant HD30995, “Early Interventions for Children with Reading Problems,”

For my field experience, I had the opportunity to observe a four-year-old pre-kindergarten classroom on November 5th and 12th at Bushwick United Head Start program. The school is located at 136 Stanhope street, Brooklyn, N.Y. Majority of the families the school serve are Hispanics, and as a result, the student body entails mostly ELL students. There are approximately 130 students enrolled in the program, and out of that 130, about 10% speaks English. The school uses an additive model of English Language to support both the student’s home language and foster and support English language acquisition. The classrooms are staffed with teachers who speak the children’s home language, who can apply some use of the home-language within the classroom and providing hands-on experiences for students. Additionally, to support students with disability, the school also partnered with United Community Services (UCS), a program that offers speech therapy, occupational therapy and physical therapy to students. The school uses the evidence-based Creative Curriculum. The Creative Curriculum is aligned with Head Start Performance Standards, NAEYC guidelines and the NY State Prekindergarten Common Core Standards.

Keaunna Knox has been a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) since 2007, and has worked ever since 2000 with children with special needs who had speech and language disorders. She began as an “Instructional/Speech Aide” at Pasadena Unified School District working with children with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities. All the students she worked with had speech and language disorders, and, since the Districts therapy was overloaded Keaunna implemented the communication goals she wrote. Based on that experience and many others, Keaunna decided to enroll at Cal State Los Angeles to pursue her professional career in teaching. She received her Master’s in Mild-Moderate Disabilities in Special Education from Cal State Los Angeles and a second

In the primary grades, children should have a well-designed phonics program that promotes knowledge of letters, sounds, words, and phonological units (Dorn, Soffos. 2001. P. 21). The literacy coach should help the classroom teachers prepare for their literacy lessons by providing literary resources needed, modeling to show how certain components of the literacy block should look and making sure the teacher understands how to teach the skills they are working on at the time. For example, if a teacher is unsure how to effectively teach reading groups to beginner kindergarten readers, the literacy coach can model how to do so, provide the teacher with additional help and support, and even let the teacher observe other teachers teach. The literacy coach should also make sure the teachers have everything they need to assess students and that the teachers understand the importance of the assessments and how to get information from them to lead new

This is a very important component in education to be aware of and when you are a teacher. I interviewed a first-grade teacher at my local elementary school to gain more information about the processes that our local schools go through for professional training, interventions, and in the classroom to ensure that students are developing their abilities in reading. My main focus was on what our school’s process was, how support is given, professional training offered, and what more is needed to be done to increase success for students.

According to the American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA) 2016 School Survey, Speech Pathologists rated the amount of paperwork, high workload/caseload size, and limited time for collaboration and budget constraints among their greatest challenges. Immense pressure is placed on the SLPs in a school setting. Children with learning disabilities have a multitude of different needs, and for many, thirty-minute therapy sessions are not enough time to adequately address their problems. Furthermore, in many schools, Speech-Language Pathologists have had to make up some or all of missed student sessions themselves without any substitute coverage. This in turn has increased group therapy sizes which compromises the quality

(Carta, Greenwood, Atwater, McConnell, Goldstein and Kaminski 2015) believe that using Response to Intervention (RTI) or the Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) in preschool programs will begin to change the way children read in kindergarten and in the future. Their study set out to show the value of identifying and preventing learning problems early and the importance of individualized instruction in a preschool setting. Out of six hundred and fifty-nine children in sixty-five Pre-K classes in four different states, these individuals did a study of Tier 1 instruction involving Kansas City, Mo/KS; Columbus, OH; Eugene-Springfield, OR; and Minneapolis, MN.

Speech-language pathologists play a significant role in evaluation and intervention with English Language Learners. More and more SLPs are playing a teacher role in the academic environment. The role and responsibility of a speech-language pathologist is essential when identifying the most ethical and appropriate services to meet the individual needs of the student. However, evaluating ELL students can be challenging from a clinical standpoint and typically is complicated by many factors including, personal, institutional, and society interests. Many school based SLPs are not proficient in a second language and therefore are not adequately trained to provide nonbiased bilingual assessments. Current practices in speech-language pathology support the decision making process for the family and their priorities when identifying assessment and treatment options. Consideration for implementing strategies that will benefit the student most should not be overlooked.

Interprofessional collaboration is an important component in any health care. According to the American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA) Code of Ethics, Individuals shall uphold the dignity and autonomy of the professions, maintain collaborative and harmonious interprofessional and intraprofessional relationships, and accept the professions’ self-imposed standards (ASHA, 2016). With this in mind, it is our duty as future speech-language pathologist (SLPs) to adhere to this principle. Clinicians should utilize every resource available to assist his/her client. This even includes if the client needs a referral to a different specialist.

To gather information on this topic I used EBSCOhost, which is provided by William Paterson’s online library. I searched the terms “Adolescence” and “Stability” because I am interested in learning about psychopathic personalities in adolescence. In this article, doctors want to find out how genetics play a roll in adolescent psychopathic personality. “This line of research is important in that it may assist in identifying factors that protect people with less extreme levels of psychopathic personality traits from developing more severe behavior patterns.” (Journal of Abnormal Psych, pg 606) Their hypothesis was if genes could contribute to adolescent psychopathic personality and if so are characteristics similar to adults with psychopathic

“Literacy learning has a profound and lasting effect on the social and academic lives of children. Their future educational opportunities and career choices are directly related to literacy ability. Since early childhood is the period when language develops most rapidly, it is imperative that young children are provided with a variety of developmentally appropriate literacy experiences throughout each day, and that the classroom environment is rich with language, both spoken and printed. Early childhood teachers are responsible for both understanding the developmental continuum of language and literacy and for supporting each child’s literacy development.

Finding credible search engines and sources is imperative to gaining useful and trustworthy information. With that said, there are many different websites and search engines that can be deceiving. It is important to know how to delineate between what is a reliable source and what is not. Some things to look for is an author, publishing site and date, does the information relate to the topic you are inquiring about, are there other resources linked to that source and are they credible, and is the information up to date. These are just a few things you want to look for and keep in mind when looking up information and completing a search. Because of the evolution in the internet and World Wide Web there is a broader database available to us, the

Databases generally are essential in retrieving relevant information about a subject matter. The process of storing and gathering information is increasing each day and with this, the use of databases is rising as well. There are several databases in the modern world and each one of them is associated with specific types of search processes and materials. The study intends to critically analyze the databases of EBSCOhost and ProQuest using PGCC Library resource in order to portray the differences between the two while investigating their different aspects.

Search for one database that is relevant to your nursing clinical issue, and briefly describe the issue you are investigating. The database that is relevant to my nursing clinical issue is EBSCO database. This is what I planned to use researching my topic. My issue will be the focus on hypertension, and why the rate of hypertension is more pronounced with a specific ethnic group as opposed to the dominant group in society.