Echolocation Is A Sensory Ability That Uses The Reflection

One has probably heard the simile, “you must be blind as a bat!” Well in fact, this statement is false, bats are not blind. Formally known in the mammal family as Chiroptera, bats can be split into two sub orders known as mega-bats (flying foxes or fruit bats) and micro-bats. Typically, when bats are thought of it is commonly known to have the characteristics of having echolocation, or sonar vision, to aid detection of objects in complete darkness. As illustrated in Figure 1, echolocation is the use of sound waves made by the contraction of the larynx, these waves are then reflected back from the moving object to signal the bat.

Killer whales, also known as Orcas, are very vocal animals and spend their time partaking in clicks, whistles, and pulsed calls. These giants can be found in nearly all oceans due to their migration patterns. Orcas have an unmistakable black and white patterning, making them easier to identify. The Orca is an apex predator, meaning that they are at the top of their food chain. They have been known to feast upon sea birds, squid, octopus, sea turtles, sharks, rays, and fish.

One way they get their food is by working together. Another way is by trapping their prey onshore. However, they may trap themselves onshore in the process. Bottlenose Dolphins can also use echolocation (using sound to locate things) to get food. Instead of using echolocation, some dolphins use passive listening to get their food. The type of food available to a Bottlenose Dolphin depends on its location. Bottlenose Dolphins eat around 4 to 9 percent of their body weight each day. The predators of Bottlenose Dolphins are large species of sharks and killer

Whales kept at marine mammal parks, have been known to bite along the steel gates that separate the whales in order to help relieve their stress, however; this results in broken teeth and other oral problems.

Orcinus Orca, or more commonly known as the Killer Whale, is found in waters worldwide ranging from the Antarctic to tropical regions. Killer Whales are considered to be apex predators of the ocean and have no natural predators. Killer Whales have been observed consuming a large diversity of different marine animals such as fish and squid (Coscarella et al., 2015) and also prey on Subantarctic Fur Seals, which is what they are more commonly known to feed on (Pistorius et al., 2012). Pitman and Durban (2010) also made observations of Killer Whales hunting penguins in the Antarctic. Trying to understand how this top predator regulates the food web involves knowing the relationships among species and also their population size and diet (Coscarella et al., 2015). Killer Whales use different hunting techniques while trying to catch their food and are also very social creatures and tend to hunt in pods. Some Killer Whales have been observed simply chasing their prey until they tire or using a more advanced hunting tactic such as diving to deep depths to get their food, also another unusual activity observed are Killer Whales playing with their food.

Clicks are high-frequency and directional sounds that are used to detect, discriminate and recognize objects in the environment, including potential preys (Caldwell et al., 1990; Janik, 2013). These clicks are used to locate/discriminate an object based on the returning echo, and the system is known as echolocation or biosonar (Griffin, 1958). Bottlenose dolphins produce high-frequency broadband clicks with dominant frequencies generally higher than 50-60kHz (Au, 1993).

Furthermore, Markwell goes on to explain that; this will lead to tooth breakage which leaves the soft pulp of some teeth. If left alone the exposed pulp of the broken teeth leads to cavities which then produce inflammation and an infection. However this can only be fixed by drilling a hole into the teeth known as “Modified Pulpotomy”. This is a very uncomfortable procedure for the whale and when underway, whales are observed spitting and diving down underwater to avoid this procedure. All though this cribbing seems like an act due to boredom, it is very detrimental to a whale’s health and even worse if it goes untreated. Captive animals need this Corrective procedure due to their unsafe living environments that have been provided to them in captivity. To the trained and informed this procedure is known as modified pulpotomy, but to the public, this agonizing and painful treatment is known as “Superior Dental Care”.

There are currently 86 recognized species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. 14 are Mysticetes or baleen whales. These whales feed using a filtering system made up of baleen plates, which allow the whale to feed on large quantities of prey at once while filtering out sea water.

Communication between killer whales is primarily used for reproduction, orientation and hunting (Erbe, 2002; Holt et al, 2009). The three sounds that killer whales produce are echolocation clicks, whistles and pulsed calls (Deecke et al, 2005). Clicks occur in a series and are short sounds used for orientation and when finding prey; whistles are used for communication when

Killer whale is known as the Orca or their scientific name, Orcunus Orca. Killer whale is the largest of the dolphin family and also the strongest and powerful predators. The Orca has the name killer whale because they can take down any large creature such as seals, sea lion or even white shark. The killer whale’s current population range is about 50,000 and they are the most distributed marine mammals. Their territory extends from the Artic to the Antarctic but they mostly can be found in the cold-water upwelling areas such as the Pacific Northwest, the Southern Ocean that has high latitude. Not only they can be found in the cold ocean, many data has also shown that they have been seen in the warmer area such as Florida or Hawaii. They are predators, so they eat marine animals such as seals, sea lions, fish, sea turtles, birds or even the great white shark. The difference between the female and the male killer whale is the male Orca is 32 feet long; weight 22,000 pounds with 6 feet tall dorsal fin while the female Orca is 28 feet long; weight 16,500 pounds with a little curve dorsal fin on the back. Their color is black on the upper body and white color on the lower body with gray saddle on their back or behind their dorsal fin. They have two white spot on the side of their face called eyespot. Even though the eyespots look like the eyes, the Orca’s eyes and ears are actually located below the eyespots. They depend on their sound and vocal to communicating, navigating,

The Orcinus Orca, also known as the killer whale, is one of the world’s most dominant predators. Because of their sharp senses like their keen hearing and sight, they are one of the most astute marine animals. Orcas are largest of the dolphin family and can be found in all oceans of the world; most commonly found in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, and often spotted off the west coast of the United States and Canada. Being at the top of the food chain, killer whales only have one predator. Other than hunters, pollution and chemical contamination can be very harmful to the whales causing them to get diseases. Pollution and chemical contamination also cause the orcas to have reproductive difficulties.

Whales interact with each other through verbal and nonverbal language. When it comes to verbal communication, whale are divided into two categories, toothed whales and baleen whales. The toothed whale suborder converses through the use of high pitched clicks and whistles, and this is possible because all species under this suborder have teeth. Baleen whales are equipped with baleen plates that have bristles attached to them which are used to produce low-frequency sounds. It is deep melodic sounds the baleen whales make that are referred to as

The team found that the larger cupulae in small cavefish increased the sensitivity of their ability to detect vibrations. In these particular fish, it was important to group the fish according to their size as the cupulae sizes decrease as the fish’s age increases. Surface fish of the same size had smaller cupulae and thus a lower ability to detect low frequencies.

The title clearly presents the main topics of the article: the size-weight illusion and human echolocation. In order to understand echolocation in regards to the experiment, the uses of echolocation were listed. Firstly, echolocation is the way in which individuals can perceive the objects in their environment, without haptic involvement, by initiating acoustic echoes which one can infer properties about. It was originally understood to provide a ‘spatial layout’ of an individual’s environment (Thaler, 2013). This is supported

Bottlenose dolphins find fish by using echolocation. This is when a dolphin sends out a beam of short sonar pulses from its melon, or forehead. The beam reflects off of fish or other objects and echoes back to the lower jaw. The echoes are then sent to the ear bones where they are characterized. Using echolocation, dolphins are able to locate prey that is buried up to one and a half feet under the sand (Cahill 140-141).