Econ 545 Micro Analysis Project

With the existing trend of shortages in healthcare providers and professionals, the recruitment and retention of this type of staff in a rural area may

Building off the increased ability of recruiting health professional comes even more heightened salary comparison. In a study conducted with many countries,

An ethical issue that individuals face today involves the price war or price discrimination involving the airline industry. According to the legal definition of price discrimination: Price discrimination is the practice of charging different persons different prices for the same goods or services. Price discrimination is made illegal under the Sherman Antitrust Act. 15 U.S.C. §2, the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. §13, and by the Robinson-Patman Act, 15 U.S.C. §§13-13b, 21a, when engaged in for the purpose of lessening competition, such as tying the lower prices to the purchase of other goods or services.

Baby boomer aging is one of the large causative factors of this increase in demand (Glicken & Miller, 2013, p.1883-1889). According to Glicken & Miller (2013), the elderly population will nearly double in the next fifteen years putting a strain on the healthcare workforce. Also, more than half of physicians have intentions on limiting care access with regards to Medicare patients. Many medical doctors are refusing to care for Medicaid patients. This is a result of the growing number of individuals now with the means to afford healthcare due to the

Evidence of the physician brain drain in Canada is plentiful. Data from the Canadian Institute for health information (CIHI) shows that there has been a 130per cent increase, which is more than double, the net loss of doctors that went to work abroad from 1991-1996, mostly going to the states. In 1996 alone, 513 Canadian physicians (net) that left Canada represent the annual output of approximately five Canadian medical schools (Buske 158). The loss of each single physician represents a loss of a major Canadian investment in a highly educated, skilled practitioner who otherwise could have contributed to the overall health and well being of Canadians in their respective communities, and whose future research could have proved to serve the country as a whole. But with much higher salaries and larger funding for research, it is hardly the doctors' fault.

Regardless of the many factors influencing the supply of physicians such as movement away from managed care, increase in the number of female physicians, lifestyle preferences, population growth, and increase in average lifespan, there still continues to be a physician shortage here in the United States. In order to fill these available positions in doctors’ offices, hospitals, and clinics due to the physician shortage, we are using IMGs, or international medical graduates.

The debate continues as to whether or not America is really experiencing a healthcare workforce shortage. This debate continues to rage as commercial areas experience an overflow of healthcare professionals with the option to offer per diem employment to job seekers in these areas. However, rural areas continue to suffer from a lack of professional healthcare workers; specifically, those who specialize in specialist areas. The Alliance for Healthcare Reform (2011) has highlighted the following points as the factors which will be deemed responsible for this shortage:

I am very fascinated with the sciences and I have no real capacity to be an artist. My parents have always pushed me in the direction of going to university, always hinting to the fact that they would be proudest of me if I were to become a doctor of some kind. Now that I have a choice of doing whatever I would like as a career, I find myself overwhelmed. It’s not like I hate the prospect of becoming a doctor, in fact I quite like it. The idea that people will one day look at me with the sort of reverence I look up to at doctors today, excites me. Also I do love helping other people solve their problems. Through this journal I have come to the realization that I need to start preparing now for university rather than

The vacant positions need to be filled by new “cogs” and the physicians will do this is if they receive lots of money (Phillips, 2014). Money isn’t always what is going to draw people to work in Saskatchewan (Kaul, 2013). It could be the lifestyle, opportunities and many other aspects (Kaul, 2013). They may have come to the country to provide their family with a better life and opportunity but to the government they are just here to work.

Project two in ECON-E 281 - APPLIED STAT FOR BUS & ECON II consisted of the students evaluating three independent variables such as Pickup Time, Delivery Time, and Mileage. The dependent variable was Cost. Only one independent variable could be selected when applying “ONLY” the p-value approach. The first step, I selected the Data then the Data Analysis tool. Next select Regression. The Input Y Range I selected the Cost data. The Input X range I selected the first independent variable Pickup time. Then check marked the boxes Labels, Confidence Level 95%, New Worksheet Ply, Residuals, and Residuals Plots. After checking the boxes I pressed OK. This gave me my first regression model. I used this process for the next two independent variables

With an expanding and aging population, the demand for physicians has never been higher. Rural regions across the country are already experiencing physician shortages, specifically in primary care. According to the Association of America Medical Colleges, the United States will have a shortage of more than 130,600 physicians by 2025, equally split between general practitioners and other medical specialties. Although its true that the number of medical students being trained in the United States is increasing due to the opening of new medical schools and expansion of class size, the number of practicing physicians will not increase unless the number of residency slots is increased. The number of residency training slots is the bottleneck to increasing the number of practicing physicians. New doctors need to complete a residency-training program in order to practice medicine, and these training slots are becoming progressively more competitive. The programs are limited in size, and the increasing number of medical school graduates leaves medical doctors without a enough training slots. The looming doctor shortage will only get worse if medical school graduates continue to be left out of residency training programs, and are forced to wait till the following year to re-apply.

Communities across America face a shortage of doctors. At only 2.56 physicians per 1000 people, America ranks 23rd out of 28 nations reporting data on practicing physicians (Carroll). This shortage is expected to increase as the aging Baby Boomer generation is expected to contribute to a doctor shortage of up to 90,000 physicians by the year 2025 (Carroll). This shortage is most evident in rural areas and cities that are less popular to live in. As the need for doctors continues to increase, America is also producing fewer medical graduates. Out of 35 nations that report data on graduation rates in the medical field America ranks 30th (Carroll). The effect that doctor shortages will have on the health of American citizens will be detrimental. America cannot meet its demand for doctors without looking beyond its borders. The Good Neighbor Nextdoor program will bring the needed doctors in to communities in desperate need of medical

This process of “job elimination, deskilling, and downgrading” and shift from outstanding expertise to a few hours of training is simply because of “the for-profit, market driven health care that is sweeping the nation” (Gordon 279).

Historically, the United States medical system has gone through three distinct time periods. The pre-industrial, post- industrial and corporate periods indicating the advancement of medical changes. The changes developed through cultural beliefs, values, social, technological innovations, economic constraints and political opportunism. Consequently, the U. S. health care system has a challenging geographic distribution of primary care physicians and specialists.

The number of physicians in the country has been decreasing at such a great rate that the government and other stakeholders in the health care sector are trying to camouflage this by increasing the number of foreign doctors practicing in the country. The American Medical Association has been trying to promote these re-entry programs designed for physicians since the year 2009 to help curb this problem. There are many people who can see what the problem is, but it is not possible for them to do much about it. Physicians also see this problem, and they are well aware of why the shortage is arising, but they are also unable to do much to prevent the issue. There are many problems that lead to the shortage of physicians, and unless something is done, it will continue escalating ADDIN EN.CITE Lynch19721573(Lynch, 1972)1573157317Lynch, MichaelThe Physician "Shortage": The Economists' MirrorAnnals of the American Academy of Political and Social ScienceAnnals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science82-88399ArticleType: research-article / Issue Title: The Nation's Health: Some Issues / Full publication date: Jan., 1972 / Copyright © 1972 American Academy of Political and Social Science1972Sage Publications, Inc. in association with the American Academy of Political and Social Science00027162http://www.jstor.org/stable/1040122( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_6" o "Lynch, 1972 #1573" Lynch, 1972).