Economic And Socially Advanced Nation

Due to this the government informs their citizens and together they are constantly working on new ways to improve their current inventions as well as developing new methods to help them adapt to the rising sea levels which cause their land to flood. The American government and the Dutch government view the same problem but yet take different approaches, the Dutch are willing to invest all they have and put in a vast amount of manual labor to save their land and combat this predicament. Where’s as the United States government passes on the problem to localized governments allowing them to choose whether or not they want to take up this issue.

Climate change includes changes in the average climate, such as a general warming in mean annual air temperature, and changes in the frequency of extreme temperature and precipitation events. Some world’s largest cities are located in coastal areas. This increases their vulnerability to rising sea levels and storm surges, risking livelihoods, property, and urban infrastructure.

Climate change creates significant impacts in the Australian context: in considering sea level rise is one of the most critical condition and as per the IPCC report, in 2100 it will increase by79 centimeters (Department of climate change, 2009). Further, it enhances natural hazards affect on the coastal region as flood, inundation, erosion, and storm surges, which will be a significant threat to the coastal community (Button et al.2013). In addition, sea level rise causes a significant change to beaches, coral reefs, estuaries, wetlands and low-lying islands.

The Sea Level has increased over the past 200 years as average global temperatures have increased. The rise is due to two factors, the freshwater being added to the oceans from ice melt in the cryosphere, and the thermal expansion of the oceans due to rises in sea temperature. The sea level has risen 6 to 8 inches in the past 100 years. It is predicted to rise another 50 to 90 centimeters in the next century. As the sea level rises it’s jeopardizing rapidly growing coastal communities, which causes evacuation in some areas causing people to lose their homes. Sea level is the effect

he issue of coastal resilience and sea level rise are issues of dire importance in the Tidewater area of Virginia. Recent events in the Gulf Coast area, which were devastated by Hurricane Harvey, prove the importance of these pressing issues in the coming years. Because of the Tidewater region’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, it the one of the most susceptible areas threatened by recent sea level rise, with most of the region lying less than fifteen feet above sea level(Weeks 2012). “…Low-lying neighborhoods flood regularly when heavy rains combine with high tides, swamping storm-water systems.” This regular flooding coupled with rise in sea level can and will become an issue if not seriously addressed by the local, state, and federal

Decades of research suggest that sea-levels are rising, and will continue to rise as a result of climate change. This rise will have the most immediate and significant impact on

To begin, one of the largest and long term solutions is the effort to combat climate change. Climate change contributes to coastal flooding through multiple ways, but the most devastating to coastal cities is sea level rise. Increases in global temperatures cause sea levels to rise, which causes flooding at earlier stages due to tides already being higher from higher sea levels. When this happens, high tides come in further and cause more flooding. Sea level rise contributes to both ‘nuisance flooding’ and catastrophic flooding. It can cause longer duration and intensity of flooding, as the flood waters take longer to subside (Ezer & Atkinson, 2014). Catastrophic flooding caused by large scale events, such as a hurricane, are more prevalent now than 100 years ago, which corresponds to the rise in sea levels. Suggestions to combat climate change are varied and range from lowering carbon emissions to reducing deforestation (NTNU, 2015). Reducing sea level rise that is caused by global warming through climate change is an important aspect of flood prevention. In regards to nuisance flooding alone, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has stated that sea level rise will cause increasing nuisance flooding and the time between flooding incidents will decrease (NOAA, 2015). Due to the many solutions proposed

Low rolling hills are concentrated in the centrum, and in the extreme south, you run into the Ardennes Mountains. Vaalserberg is the highest point of the Netherlands reaching three hundred and twenty-two meters or one thousand fifty-three feet (Netherlands Geography, September 29, 2015). For thousands of years the Dutch people have struggled with the sea flooding their lands and taking tens of thousands from the population. Faced with an on-going threat that repeated itself many times of the course of the country’s history, the Dutch developed ways to combat this. Dutchman built raised farmlands and villages with polders and countless amounts of windmills to try to remove water from the areas below sea level. In the nineteen thirties, the Dutch built a dike, the Afsluitdiijk, to aid in warding off the sea from flooding their lands (Netherlands Geography, September 29, 2015). Over the next twenty years, this provided a means to help aid in combating the floods but in nineteen fifty-three, the sea struck again. High waters claimed innocent lives and raised more questions on how to combat their lengthy coasts effectively. The Dutch had taken enough tolls from the sea and came up a resolution that is running to this day. Delta Works is a massive chain of flood protection structures consisting of thirteen dams, including barriers, sluices, locks, dikes and levees,

The rise of sea level and global warming has become a much more serious problem right now. This problem has drawn international attention, because higher sea levels in the future would cause great damages not only in coastal area, but also in various parts of the world.We have already seen thousands of people call and lead people to protect our environment and eliminate the emission of greenhouse gases. We could lose our planet as well based on what we did. We really have to take action to prevent the dangerous outcomes happen in the future, otherwise the more people’s life would be inflected and

Rising sea levels have caused tide lines to be increased by approximately 9.15 feet (Freedman, #3). This increase in tide makes all surrounding land very susceptible to damage, if a hurricane was to occur. Since studies show that during normal waters, tides can get this high, there is an approximation that water can reach up to 100 feet of just wave water in the event of a hurricane (Carey, #1). Also, because of global warming, sea levels are expected to rise an additional 2 feet in the next century (Freedman, #4). This is due to the melting of icebergs, ice caps, and arctic snow that eventually ends up in the oceans. With this additional 2 foot rise, coastal waters are expected to hit an all-time high. In addition to the rising of the tides, the actual area of the ocean will expand, causing any coastal industries, neighborhoods, or developments, to be highly susceptible of being underwater by the next century.

And now, on this mild, cloudless day in New York City, it’s strange to think that a week ago we were laying sandbags at the floodgates along the East River. Last Friday, as a co-worker and I studied the emergency flood map—I live in north Brooklyn, a block from the border of Zone C, and he lives at the southern tip of Manhattan, Zone A, and subsequently left town that night—I couldn’t help but think that what we were really looking at was a map of places that, after a few decades of rising sea levels, may no longer exist.

What exactly is Coastal Resilience? Coastal Resilience is a global network of practitioners who are applying an approach and web-based mapping tool designed to help communities understand their vulnerability from coastal hazards, reduce their risk and determine the value of nature- based solutions (Coastal Resilience). The Tidewater area is a flat, coastal plain that is only 8 ft above sea level, which is why the increase in sea-level is a major threat causing floods. High tides in low coastal areas causes flooding to increase (Coastal Resilience). Emergency managers are used as a line of defense against flooding. Per the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, between 2008 and 2014 at least 23 million people were displaced by the direct impact of floods and storms. EJSCREEN, Environmental Justice Screening, is

“Approximately 25 million people live in an area vulnerable to coastal flooding” (Environmental Protection Agency). The coastal activities generate 58% of the national gross domestic product. Activities that are involved are marine transportation, fish cultivation, tourism and recreation. The coastal area hold species and habitats that are essential to the ecosystem and society. The climate change affects the storm surge and precipitation, water temperature and coral reefs and shellfish.

Sea level rise is another area of concern for scientists and the global community with respect to climate change. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the sea level has risen about 8 in. and continues to rise about 0.14 in. per year (National Climate Association). IPCC has predicted a sea level rise of 1m. (~3.3 ft.) by the end of this century (O‘Rourke), putting small island nations such as the Maldives and at risk of losing their land, as well as cities in the US such as Miami, New Orleans, and New York. Once again, this number may seem insignificant, but when one considers that approximately 5 million people live within 4 ft. of the high tide areas in the United States; and 1 in 10 persons live in low lying coastal areas around the globe, then the numbers illustrate cause for great concern. An estimated 634 million people will be impacted by rising sea levels (Greenfieldboyce) and 1 billion people could be displaced from their homes by 2050 as a result of climate change (O‘Rourke).

Hurricane Katrina, one of the worst natural disasters in American history, struck the city of New Orleans on Aug 29,2005. It was a categorised as level 3 storm with wind speeds of up to 127 mph after making landfall. Approximately 80 percent of the city was submerged under 20 feet of water. Levees have been built around the city of New Orleans to keep the rising water level at the bay. However, it also kept out the silts and sediments. Without the renewal of these sediments, New Orleans continues to sink. Today, nearly all the basins around the city are sinking by roughly an inch every 30 months. Ironically, it is these sinking lands, and not the levees, that truly protect New Orleans from the danger of flooding as every 3 miles of wetland absorb 1 foot of the storm surge. Since 1930, Louisiana has lost 1900 square miles of wetland; by 2050 many natural barriers will disappear altogether. According to studies, if nothing is done then by the end of the century these wetlands will sink by almost 3 feet. Should another hurricane or storm devastate the city, the whole area may end up submerged under water. Many studies done by many independent and public institutions and all agreed on one thing- the