Economic Policy and Practice

When it comes to the supply of money, different actions are taken to assure stability in our country. To ensure we are keeping consistent with the loss in value of currency throughout the years, the Federal Reserve changes either the inflation or the interest rates so that prices will be able to balance the debt amount. With actions like such, there are purposes sought by the Federal Reserve Act set toward “the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee…: to promote… the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates” (Federal Reserve). These are a matter of acts under the monetary policy. However, today in America, we are still suffering from the continuous increase in our national debt, a problem that has been growing since the start of the new century.

(TCO1) In the United States, the control of the money supply is the responsibility of the:

In this paper we will discuss the following common macroeconomic activities: purchasing of groceries, massive layoff of employees, and decrease in taxes. We will look closely at how each of these activities affects government, households, and businesses. Then take a look at the flow of resources from one entity to another according to this week’s reading, Figure 3-1 from Colander.

The complexities and the uncertainties of the government spending leave consumers in a world of dubiety and lead to declines on their spending and investment. The governments need to provide simple and elegant solutions in response to the recession. The consumers need to understand these solutions which would allow them to

In an instant, a single organization, with minimal government oversight, can influence entire markets and monetary supply of the country with the largest economy in the world. The United States founding fathers established a government system to distribute certain powers of the federal government to particular branches that have checks and balances in place to assure efficiency and openness among its divisions. One may assume that the organization that controls the monetary supply of an economic powerhouse of a country would have strong oversight and control over the policies they carry out. The Federal Reserve, also referred to as The Fed, has a purpose, as a central bank, to protect and control the fiscal system of the United States to create a safer lending and borrowing market for private citizens, businesses, and the federal government. Americans perceive the Fed as an extremely powerful organization. Some have asserted, including Hillary Clinton’s spokesman, Jesse Ferguson, that “The Federal Reserve is a vital institution for our economy and the well-being of our middle class” (qtd. in Shapiro 7). Unfortunately, Federal Reserve financial policies have become detrimental to the growth of the national economy and the dollar, therefore, congressional actions against the Federal Reserve Bank are a necessity to avoid continuation of instability in both US and world markets.

After the Revolutionary War, many of the country’s citizens were in great debit and there was widespread economic disruption. The country was in need of an economic overhaul and the new country’s leaders would need to decide how to do this to ensure the new country did not fall apart. After two unsuccessful attempts at a national banking system, the Federal Reserve System was created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. Since its inception, the Federal Reserve System has evolved into a central banking system that grows with the country. The Federal Reserve System provides this country with a central bank that is able to pursue consistent monetary policies. My goal in this paper is to help the reader to understand why the Federal

Government activities have a powerful effect on the US economy in stabilization and growth which is the most important are. The federal government guides the pace of economic activity, attempting to maintain steady growth, high levels of employment, and price stability. They do so by adjusting spending and fiscal policy- tax rates- or managing money supply and controlling use of monetary policy-credits. It slows down or speeds up the economy’s rate of growth, which affects the level of prices and employment. After the Great Depression in the 1930’s, recession (high unemployment) was

The Federal Reserve System was created by Congress in 1913 and passed the Federal Reserve Act in order to provide for a safer and more flexible banking and monetary system. According to the changing needs of the system, its objectives have been changing throughout the history of the Fed. At first, “its original purposes were to give the country an elastic currency, provide facilities for discounting commercial credits, and improve the supervision of the banking system under a decentralized bank.” (The Federal Reserve System, 1984, 1). Prior to its establishment (the Fed), the supply of bank credit and money was inelastic, thus resulting in an irregular flow of credit and money, and contributed to unstable economic development. These objectives were aspects economic policies and national monetary. However, through time, stability and growth of the economy, high employment levels, stability in the purchasing power of the dollar, and reasonable balance in transactions with foreign currencies have become to be recognized as primary objectives of the governmental economic policy.

It can all go downhill very easily. Due to the nature of capitalism and the free market, when unemployment rises, spending buyers grow sparse (US Economy). Sellers absolutely depend on consumers to buy their products and services. If the public doesn’t have any money to spend, they, quite simply, don’t spend. For example, “just six years removed from the greatest financial cataclysm since the Great Depression, the US continues… down the same perilous economic path” (McBride). The crisis referred to in the quote was the meltdown of 2009, a seismic and nearly deafening blow towards American consumerism. Many more people as of this event are either in debt, poor, homeless, or a combination of these factors. The worst part is if the United States government, at least according to Jonathan Kirshner, had reformed the economic sector, we could’ve avoided this setback and stopped our downward spiral

Over the past few years we have realized the impact that the Federal Government has on our economy, yet we never knew enough about the subject to understand why. While taking this Economics course it has brought so many things to our attention, especially since we see inflation, gas prices, unemployment and interest rates on the rise. It has given us a better understanding of the effect of the Government on the economy, the stock market, the interest rates, etc. Since the Federal Government has such a control over our Economy, we decided to tackle the subject of the Federal Reserve System and try to get a better understanding of the history, the structure, and the monetary policy of the power that it holds.

Money, it certainly does make the world go round, and the reason it is able to do so, is because people have trust in this little piece of paper. Around the globe there is no piece of paper that inspires more confidence. Officially, the US Dollar bills are Federal Reserve notes. Every note that is spent or received is part of a complex organization known as the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve System is the integral component that keeps the American banking system afloat. It is, in essence, the governing body of banking and is responsible for many policies, laws, and regulations that have shaped the American banking system into what it is today. This institution has garnered a lot of support, as well as faced a lot of backlash in times of financial turmoil. However, observing the facts and analyzing the history of the Federal Reserve System will show that is has largely been a positive force in America. The Federal Reserve System plays a large role in both the national and world economies and is therefore heavily scrutinized. Under such scrutiny, one can find that a positive and significant relationship exists between the Federal Reserve System and the economy because of the policies the Federal Reserve enacts, the Federal Reserve’s regulation of interest rates, and the Federal Reserve’s response to crises in direct connection to economic stability.

The Federal Reserve System, also called “the FED”, is the United States central bank, a national institution which governs the production and distribution of money. It was created to provide the United States with a more secure and more stable financial structure. The Federal Reserve System has many responsibilities today. First, the FED controls U.S. monetary policy by altering the supply and demand of the economy in order to keep the market at potential level of output. Second, it oversees the regulation of the nation’s banks and other financial institutions to ensure fairness and accuracy. Third, it maintains the stability of the economy by

The United States has had several economical downfalls within the last century, many which have been aggravated by the change of the money supply. As if there’s much to learn from America’s economy, having the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita is an aid towards any future economic collapse. With as much purchasing and supplying power that the United States has, it would be wiser to remain within the policies closest relating to stimulating a demand economy. By doing so the government is ensuring that there is enough need before purchasing supplies for said goods or services. With the United States free market, there is little that the Federal Government could do to have a say in monetary policy besides setting a fixed interest

Recession cycles are thought to be a normal part of living in a world of inexact balances between supply and demand. What turns a usually mild and short recession or "ordinary" business cycle into an actual depression is a subject of debate and concern. Scholars have not agreed on the exact causes and their relative importance. The search for causes is closely connected to the question of how to avoid a future depression, and so the political and policy viewpoints of scholars are mixed into the analysis of historic events eight decades ago. The even larger question is whether it was largely a failure on the part of free markets or largely a failure on the part of government efforts to regulate interest rates, curtail widespread bank failures, and control the money supply. Those who believe in a large role for the state in the economy believe it was mostly a failure of the free markets and those who believe in free markets believe it was mostly a failure of government that compounded the problem.

Monetary Policy, in the United States, is the process by which the Federal Reserve controls the money supply to promote economic growth and stability. It is based on the relationship between interest rates of the economy and the total supply of money. The Federal Reserve uses a variety of monetary policy tools to control one or both of these.