Economics And Complex Systems Of The United States

The housing crisis of 2008 can trace its origins back to the stock market trends of the mid- to late 90 's. During a period of extended growth in the stock market, increased individual wealth among investors led to generalized increases in spending, including in the housing market. With more disposable income in the pockets of consumers, the demand for housing increased in the late 90 's. Due to the fact that homes are large projects and their construction takes a large amount of time, the supply of homes in the market is inelastic on the short term. Because of the fixed supply of homes, as per the law of supply, which

The American System transpired after the War of 1812. The need to protect the United States economy against outside influence and control became evident. A group of politicians, led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun developed an economic plan that believed that the federal government should encourage economic enterprise. The center of this new plan wanted to keep American products in the United States. The American System fell under the Market Revolution, where economic and social changes took place between the years 1812 - 1868 (Schultz, n.d.). They felt the federal government should encourage internal enterprise by creating internal improvements, establish secure economic institutions, and high tariffs. Internal improvements consisted of creating new ways to move goods

June 13, 2007 is the day that Richard C. Cook claims in his article, “It’s Official: The Crash of the U.S. Economy Has Begun.” In the past couple of years, months, and weeks, the United States economy and stock market showed significant failures and inefficiencies to the world. Perhaps the greatest evidence signaling the recent economic meltdown is the subprime mortgage problems that started a little over a year ago. The burst of the U.S. housing market bubble was caused by a combination of risky lending and borrowing practices and higher interest rates coupled with dropping housing prices, making refinancing more difficult. To deepen the drama, Wall Street’s excessive debt and unsustainable

Economic systems deal with beliefs & activities that administer products or services for consumers of a population. There are three unequivocal economic systems capitalist, socialism and mixed economy (Cullen, Parboteeach, 2014, p.92).

6.3 TRILLION DOLLARS! This is how much the value of homes have fallen in the United States since its real estate peak back in July of 2006. After the price of houses peaked in 2006, they gradually started to decline until December 30th, 2008. This is when the Case-Shiller home price index which measured the value of homes, reported its largest price decrease in its entire history. From there we saw prices continue to decline until we hit all-time lows in 2012. The United States housing bubble burst will be talked about for years to come including many what caused it and how to prevent such occurrences in the future. Low interest rates, Housing bubble, subprime mortgages, as well as securitization all contributed to the housing market crash of 2008 and will all be explained in this paper. According to the general consensus, most people believe that the housing bubble was the main cause of the 2007-2009 economic recession in the United States of America.

Most people like to find a source or a cause to blame for any problem they seem to find themselves in, so in the blame game “Who caused the Housing Market Bubble and who lead it to burst?” Who do we pick: the Originator of Mortgage- Backed Securities, Credit Rating Agencies, Mortgage Loan Officers, Real

Now these financial markets have allowed many to become successful and live the “American Dream,” but have also caused many to suffer and lose everything. Back in 2007, the United States’ economy experienced a large financial crisis that almost paralleled the financial crisis during the Great Depression. Large financial institutions suffered a great deal and the stock market plummeted worldwide. The housing market took a huge hit as well, causing many foreclosures and evictions. This crisis stemmed from a major default in the subprime mortgage market. The bad credit records should have given some forewarning to the looming crisis, but the financial innovation for these mortgages gave investors a chance to succeed in the market. So as a large volume of cash flowed into the United States, the subprime mortgage market took off and became a trillion dollar market by 2007 (Mishkin 208). With prices rising in the housing market, subprime borrowers could simply refinance their houses by taking out even larger loans as homes appreciated in value. These borrowers were also unlikely to default because the houses could be sold off to pay back the loan. This benefited investors since the securities backed by cash flows from subprime mortgages had high returns. And this continued growth of the subprime mortgage market further increased the demand for houses and continued to fuel the increase in housing prices.

Boomerang buyers make up a large and ever growing population, which caught the eye of many economists. As the supply of houses increases with every foreclosure, and the pool of eligible buyers decreases for the same reason, sellers are becoming desperate to dump houses they cannot afford to keep or no longer want responsibility for. Simple supply and demand models indicate that a buyer’s market has formed. Sweetening the deal, the government stepped in to entice buyers with foreclosure forgiveness through the FHA and HUD, shortening waiting periods and adding special discounts to housing in depressed areas. Experts forecast that

The “Great Recession,” the name given to the financial crisis that occurred in the United States between 2007 and 2009, saw the biggest contraction of the US economy since World War II (Amadeo). Real GDP fell as sharply as a -6.4% annual rates and unemployment rose above ten percent in the aftermath of the crisis. The primary culprit of the Great Recession was the US housing market. New financial instruments that allowed for lending to subprime customers, along with deregulation of the banking industry, and asymmetric information produced by credit agencies all played significant roles in these happenings. Moral hazard on behalf of financial product providers ultimately led to the asymmetric information that allowed the housing market to collapse.

Since 2003, there are economists warned America  's real estate bubble will burst a year, although this prediction has not fulfilled,however, the occurrence of happen sooner or later. In 2007 August,America sub-prime mortgage crisis broke out suddenly, not only the real estate bubble has finally burst, America also fell into the since twentieth Century 30 the Great Depression of the most serious financial crisis.

During the housing boom, the insecurity of consumer’s financial situations was used by those in finance to make a profit. Many entities were enticed by their greed to take risks and cut corners that ultimately affected the consumer, not themselves. The consumer’s own search for profit and their trust in the housing market made it easy for them to be lured into the gambling game being played by banks and investors.

According to Evidensgruppen (2013), what signifies a housing bubble is when housing prices increase considerably during a period of time until it collapses and the price falls. Throughout a housing bubble, we can see that house prices have no relationship with factors that usually matter such as income tax, interest rate and unemployment. The sudden price escalation creates expectations among consumers that prices will continue to rise. This creates an enthusiasm to invest in properties because people think that they can buy a house and then make a profit on it when they later sell it. But if the housing prices do not increase as expected, people have a huge loan that they cannot afford to pay back which leads to a financial crisis. When scientists

In 2007 the real estate market collapsed leaving homeowners doomed. The collapsed had a negative impact on the United States economy and it also had a negative impact on five million families nationwide. Today, the real estate and mortgage market has significantly improved. This improvement allowed previous homeowners to have a clean start. The situation of the market has changed and advanced since the collapse. The homeowners that were affected by the real estate and mortgage market collapse were known as boomerang buyers because most of the families are or were allowed a second chance. As a result of the collapse, there were many mistakes that are avoidable today as to lessons learned. The market crash was a devastation but over the years the silver linings began comforting the nation. Today, many boomerang buyers are benefiting from their past mistakes. Consequently, there were lessons learned,

According to Wikipedia a housing bubble is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets. It is characterized by rapid increases in valuations of real property such as housing until they reach unsustainable levels and then decline. Four years into the housing bubble downturn, much of the country remains hopelessly confused about what happened, why it happened and who is to blame. In my research paper I will try and demonstrate what a housing bubble is, some of the reasons for the bubble, was it preventable, how it kept growing, how it burst and how it has affected our economy.

In relation to the increase in house’s price, the rise of financial agreements such as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO) encouraged investors to invest in the U.S housing market (Krugman, 2009). When housing price declined in the U.S, many financial institutions that borrowed and invested in subprime mortgage reported losses. In addition, the fall of housing price resulted in default and foreclosure and that began to exhaust consumer’s wealth and