Ecosystem Sustainability and Climate Change

Ecosystems is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment that work together to form a functional unit and they are constantly changing due to the fluctuating equilibrium from natural stress and human action which has had adversarial impacts on ecosystems. This is evident in Minnamurra rainforest as human induced modifications and environmental stresses had resulted in a vulnerable ecosystem. Furthermore, the removal of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of an ecosystem is important as it affect the functioning of the ecosystem as processes are accelerated, biodiversity is decreased which greatly affects humans. Despite the negative effects caused by humans, they have discovered that ecosystems are susceptible from harm caused by natural environmental factors or human impacts and realised the importance of protecting and managing ecosystems therefore have implemented management strategies that are supposed to prevent further detriment and as a consequence may induce resiliency.

Chapin, F.S., Carpenter, S.R., Kofinas, G.P., Folke, C., Abel, N., Clark, W.C., …& Swanson, F.J (2010). Ecosystem stewardship: sustainability strategies for a rapid change planet.

The authors describes that greatly increasing Carbon dioxide gas in the earth atmosphere bring about rising of earth temperature. A greenhouse gas, Carbon Dioxide, is an unaware emission product of human activities such as industrial, transportation, and human facilities. Scientist wisely claim that only 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit rising have made change in weather patterns and sea water level in this century. The earth temperature rising come up with many plants and animals die out. Moreover, dropped agriculture products effect 1 percent global economic losses.

Changes in CO2 are affecting us and our environment in many ways. the most predominant effect of carbon dioxide changes is on the weather and oceans. Unpredictable heat waves are occurring in unforeseen parts of the world (i.e. Europe) and global temperatures as a whole are rising. The rise in the temperatures can not only affect us but the flora and fauna around us. With hotter temperatures, some plants and animals may be unable to adjust which would result in a chain reaction. Heat is affecting the oceans as well and many long standing glaciers or ice shelves to melt and alter the oceans temperature, levels and salinity. These, resultantly, are causing disruptions to the thermohaline conveyor and are effecting islands or seaside town as the water level

In the race to preserve, conserve and maintain biodiversity and its functions in anticipation of the unprecedented and

In late years, however, excess emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from human activities processes (mostly burning fossil fuels) have started to warm Earth's climate at a problematic rate. This has caused the global average temperature to raise, and may potentially harm many life form on earth in near future. They are generating major greenhouse gases (GHGs) which enhance greenhouse effect. This raises the global average temperature leading to climate change, and may potentially harm many life form on earth in near

increase of concentrations of greenhouse gasses that are released into the atmosphere and by the

Due to the immense anthropogenic release of green house carbon emissions into the atmosphere, there has been and will be major detrimental effects on human resources and the ecosystem. For example, by the middle of the 21stcentury, River runoff will increase by 40% in northern latitudes and also in a few tropical areas, while in dry regions it will decrease by 30%. Some of these tropical areas have already reported and are experiencing water droughts that will only get worse (Gillman 2008). In addition, if temperatures continue to increase to 1.8-5.4 degrees, food productivity and resources will be affected. When the temperatures reach the lower latitudes of what is predicted, there will be a slight increase in food productivity for a little while. However, when the temperatures reach the higher end of the latitudes, food productivity will

Secondly, together with deforestation of the planet, the burning of fossil fuels is contributing to a measurable increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in

Change of the Climate change has become a threat for the communities & Eco systems since the changes occur frequently than it was few decades ago. In past, climate changes were taking place slower allowing more time for Eco systems & communities to get adapted to the changes. As a

The link is to a report, titled Ecosystems and Human Well-Being, A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The report covers ecosystem changes and how that is intertwined with humans and their well-being. The ecosystems of the earth are complex and have many variables. Human actions can have a significant impact on these ecosystems and the report aims to seeks and apply scientific analysis and reasoning to how human actions have and need to change to support these diverse ecosystems focusing on sustainability.

Climate change is influenced by the greenhouse effect which is the increase of Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide. On one hand, the presence of these gases in the atmosphere make the earth habitable with respect to regulating the earth’s temperature. However, an increase in the concentration of these gases results in trapping energy in the atmosphere and this in turn increases earth’s temperature. “Global greenhouse gas emissions have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70% between

Anthropogenic activity has led to greatly increased emissions of greenhouses gases. Increased temperatures, acidification and stratification are all affected by increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. These symptoms of climate change have direct and indirect effects on to marine ecosystems, all of which start at the major primary producers of the oceans: phytoplankton.

Ecosystem services are defined as the direct and indirect benefits to human well being that are derived from ecosystems and ecosystem function (Gomez-Baggethun and Barton 2013, TEEB 2011), or in other words, “the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life” (Daily, 1997, p. 3). The ecosystem service framework may be used to assess present day function, monitor change over time, and inform future planning, conservation, and restoration to maximize the ecosystem function and services generated at multiple scales (Daily et al. 2009; Sukhdev et al. 2010).

Throughout history, we have always questioned scientific findings in hopes to better understand what the future could hold and if we can improve the well-being of our society. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is a scientific evaluation how humans impact the natural environment and how environmental changes can impact human’s well-being. (Carpenter, 2008) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment joins both used and basic incentives of sustainability science. (Turner, 2003) Following this assessment, new challenges arise that question the interactions between nature and society. While considering these challenges we need to pick the most efficient use of ecosystem services so that improves in societies and environment are equally shared.