Ecp Case Study

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016), preterm birth are the birth that happened before 37 ended weeks of pregnancy and is one of the number reason of newborn deaths and the second prominent cause of deaths in children below five. The preterm babies have chances of an amplified risk of illness, disability and death. In the first weeks, the complications of premature birth may include: breathing problems, heart problems, brain problems, temperature control problems, gastrointestinal problems, blood problems, metabolism problems, immune system problems. Long-term complications includes cerebral palsy, impaired cognitive skills, vision problem, hearing problems, dental problems, behavioral and psychological problems, chronic health issues.

Childbirth is one of the greatest privileges on the earth anyone could have and we, as women, should feel proud to be major contributors for it. Thus, a mother has to play a key role in aiding the healthcare workers to mitigate the health crisis associated with childbirth by performing her duties faithfully. One such associated health crisis is “Premature (preterm) birth” which occurs when the baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of gestational period (CDC, 2015). The rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born across 184 countries (WHO, 2015).

The writer explained there could be no concern for fetal or maternal health during the delivery although some obstetricians tended to induce labor in all diabetic mothers to protect babies and mothers. Moreover, labor progress was supposedly assessed by old-fashioned methods, which resulted in performing unnecessary obstetrical practices. Intervention was imposed in cases of inaccurately labeled slow or abnormal labors and failures to progress. It is common practice that a primary cesarean generally produces subsequent surgical deliveries. The author realized that cesareans were performed because of insufficient data on laboring women’s

Why would delayed cord clamping even be a topic of discussion or in practice if it was not beneficial to some degree for the neonate or mother? Early cord clamping takes place almost immediately after delivery and delayed cord clamping is preformed anywhere for 30-180 seconds after birth. The validity of the above question has been on the rise for some time. Why some doctors have made it protocol during a delivery or simply do it only if requested is still not yet understood. Some would say there are little benefits to waiting to clamp the umbilical cord after delivery, and some say there are many benefits, and then there are those that say there is no difference whether you clamp early or delayed. Throughout my research I have learned that yet some physicians will not wait to clamp the umbilical cord, there are minimal risk, if any, and although at first I thought delayed clamping was without a doubt more beneficial than immediate clamping, they really are not profound in the grand scheme of the neonates’ health. However, I have learned that in the preterm neonate waiting to clamp the umbilical cord can be more beneficial for various reasons than in a full term neonate. Because of the medical background I have, I believe the benefits for both mother and child are important postpartum, however, those that choose to not participate in delayed clamping are not putting their newborn at any risk

The intent of this paper is to examine effective solutions for reducing cesarean deliveries. Cesarean deliveries involve more risk to both the mother and baby than vaginal births do. Cesarean deliveries have a higher potential of complications than vaginal births. Cesarean deliveries cost more, require longer hospital stays, and require more resources—both human and systemic—than vaginal births.

Over the years birthing methods have changed a great deal. When technology wasn’t so advanced there was only one method of giving birth, vaginally non-medicated. However, in today’s society there are now more than one method of giving birth. In fact, there are three methods: Non-medicated vaginal delivery, medicated vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, also known as c-section. In the cesarean delivery there is not much to prepare for before the operation, except maybe the procedure of the operation. A few things that will be discussed are: the process of cesarean delivery, reasons for this birthing method and a few reasons for why this birthing method is used. Also a question that many women have is whether or not they can vaginally

Hutton and Hassan (2007) provide a detailed abstract but lack a separate introduction. However, the abstract provides all the details of both. The rationale for the review is that benefits and risks need to be assessed to determine optimal timing of cord cutting after birth. The objectives were to look at

A commonly known procedure when it comes to hospital births are epidurals. An epidural is an injection of a drug between the “epidural space” which causes

The hospital that I work at does not have a labor and delivery unit, so my facility does not deliver infants. In the article Beliefs and Practices of Obstetric Care Providers Regarding Umbilical Cord Clamping, it is an interesting discussion to the timing of cutting the umbilical cord in full-term and preterm infants. Hill and Fontenot (2014) state, “If the umbilical cord remains unclamped for a small amount of time (approximately 30 to 120 seconds), rather than clamping immediately (15 to 20 seconds), placental transfusion occurs, increasing blood volume to the newborn and improving blood flow to vital organs” (Hill & Fontenot, p. 413). The article describes that waiting one minute or longer to clamp the umbilical cord can benefit the newborn

The results of this study is consistent with at least three other studies, which showed no benefit of ECC for the prevention of PPH. First, Backes et al. [25] who studied “the effect of early versus delayed umbilical cord clamping in infants with congenital heart disease”. They reported that no significant differences were observed between the two groups in relation to the amount of blood loss during the third and fourth stage of labour. Second, Chidre and Chirumamilla [26] who had conducted a randomized controlled trial about “the impact of early versus delayed umbilical cord clamping on post-partum blood loss”. They concluded that post-partum blood loss in early and delayed cord clamping groups was nearly similar. Third, Andersson et al. [27] who had studied “the effects of delayed compared with early umbilical cord clamping on maternal PPH and cord blood gas sampling”. They stated that, the differences between the DCC and ECC groups with regard to PPH were small and non-significant.

In many U.S. hospitals today the patient care that women receive during management of labor and delivery doesn’t look very evidenced based. Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) is the most common form of intrapartal fetal assessment in the United States. We continue to see widespread use of EFM in low risk pregnancies. Electronic fetal monitoring is standard procedure despite numerous randomized controlled trials that have disproven its validity. It is routinely used, yet does not decrease neonatal morbidity or mortality compared to the use of intermittent auscultation. Intermittent auscultation of the fetal heart rate is an acceptable option for low-risk laboring women, yet it is underutilized in the hospital setting. Several expert organizations have proposed the use of intermittent auscultation as a means of promoting physiologic childbirth. So why do we use continuous EFM in the low risk pregnancy and what does the best evidence support and how can nurses apply the best available evidence to practice? As a patient advocate it is the nurses responsibility to answer these questions and provide the low-risk pregnant woman with current evidence about options for fetal heart rate assessment during labor.

One of the most challenging stages of pregnancy can be the intrapartum period. This is the period where a woman is birthing her child, although it may be really challenging it is also the most exciting part of pregnancy for most couples. Bridget is a twenty-eight year old multiparous women who is thirty-nine weeks and five days pregnant. Bridget has been admitted into the labour ward with antenatal history showing a normal physiological pregnancy and she has entered a spontaneous labour that is progressing well. All her maternal observations and fetal observations are within the normal range, suggesting that she is unlikely to require any interventions during labour especially a caesarean section. Like many other women, Bridget is unsure

Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is the name used for identifying the method of giving birth vaginally after previously delivering at least one baby through a caesarean section (CS). A trial of labour (TOL) is the term used to describe the process of attempting a VBAC. An elected repeat caesarean (ERC) is the other option for women who have had a caesarean in the past. The rates of women choosing to deliver by means of an ERC has been increasing in many countries, this is typically due to the common assumption that there are too many risks for the baby and mother (Knight, Gurol-Urganci, Van Der Meulen, Mahmood, Richmond, Dougall, & Cromwell, 2013). The success rate of VBAC lies in the range of 56 - 80%, a reasonably high success rate, however, the repeat caesarean birth rate has increased to 83% in Australia (Knight et al., 2013). It is essential to inform women of the contraindications, success criteria, risks, benefits, information on uterine rupture and the role of the midwife in relation to considering attempting a VBAC (Hayman, 2014). This information forms the basis of an antenatal class (Appendix 1) that provides the necessary information to women who are considering attempting a VBAC and can therefore enable them to make their own decision regarding the mode of birth.

Pregnancy is normally the best and the happiest stage of any woman, but it can also be uncertain because anything can go wrong if you do not know exactly what to do. In order to understand the reasons of why Preterm Birth occurs, it is important to know what it is and how risky it can be. Preterm Birth is also known as Premature labor which mainly begins after “20 weeks but before 37 completed week’s gestations. Approximately 12.9 million babies worldwide are born too early every year representing an incidence of PTB of 9.6%” (Berghella, pp. 2, 8). Baby Center Medical Advisory Board says that about 12 percent of babies

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significantly life-threatening complication that can occur after both vaginal and caesarean births (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). Simpson and Creehan (2008) define PPH as the amount of blood loss after vaginal birth, usually more than 500mL, or after a caesarean birth, normally more than 1000mL. However, the definition is arbitrary, attributed to the fact that loss of blood during birth is intuitive and widely inaccurate (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). In line with this, studies have suggested that health care providers consistently underestimate actual blood loss, thus, an objective definition of PPH would be any amount of bleeding that exposes a mother in hemodynamic jeopardy (Ricci &