Ecstasy Use by Humans Essay

     The axon terminals after the neurotransmitters are released are supposed to reabsorb the extra neurotransmitters. The lack of serotonine in the neurons cause a lack of serotonine transporters, the spots on the neurons responsible for reabsorbing serotonine. Ecstasy blocks the re-uptake of serotonine by the synaptic terminal. The serotonine becomes toxic and begins to kill off brain cells (“After the Rave: the Ecstasy Hangover”, (www.faculity.washington.edu/chudler/mdma.html).

Serotonin is found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS). Serotonin in the CNS affects learning, appetite, mood, and sleep. In the GI, it is used to control appetite and digestion. A few feelings come as a result of serotonin, such as happiness, relaxation, and security. Low serotonin levels can cause depression, anxiety, and

MDMA also known as molly may seem great at the moment, but taking molly is actually very dangerous. People should not use drugs if they do not really know about it. How would they know if it is legit or not. Drug use is not dying down, so if people want to use molly they should at least be safe about it. Molly is usually used to have great times at parties but most people do not even know the history of it, what it is, or what effects it has on the body.

A biological pathway through which methamphetamine use can cause violence must be established in order for a causal relationship to exist. The biological basis of this relationship is depleted serotonin. Serotonin is a naturally existing chemical neurotransmitter found within the human body. Produced by

In 2011, researchers completed a pilot Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of introducing MDMA, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a psychedelic compound most widely known as the main ingredient in the recreational drug Ecstacy. It is recognized for producing feelings of “euphoria, empathy,

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are utilized for their ability to reversibly block the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. In order to understand the importance of these drugs, it is crucial to review the various regions of the brains that are influenced by serotonin and the implications of impaired functioning. A dysfunction in the hypothalamus region of the brain might lead to weight or appetite changes. Sleep disturbances are characterized by a dysfunction in the hypothalamus as well, along with the thalamus, basal forebrain, and prefrontal cortex. Thoughts of suicide and perceived feelings of guilt or worthlessness are associated with a dysfunction in the brain regions connected to our emotional well-being, including the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. Psychomotor agitation is linked

Serotonin, (or 5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter released by neurones in the brain. It is a chemical responsible for good mood and well-being. Therefore one of the possible causes of depression is a chemical imbalance of Serotonin levels in the brain and consequently, ineffective neuronal transmission at the synaptic cleft. (Lovatt, 2010) This has negative implications on mood, sleep and appetite.

“In recent years there have been a number of neuroscientific and clinical studies examining the potential role for adjunctive drug-assisted psychotherapy using 3,4,-methylenedioxmethamphetamine (MDMA) as a treatment for PTSD”(Sessa 176). Recent research has shown that the use of MDMA can help people who suffer from PTSD. MDMA is a schedule one drug which means that it is illegal currently; however, that may change very soon. Marijuana is also still considered a schedule one drug in the U.S. even though in some states it is legal for medical and recreational use. Grinspoon and Bakalar say that MDMA has been used for psychotherapy before it became illegal in 1985 (qtd. in Bouso 226). With these

MDMA effects three neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The feelings of strong emotion and increase in sociability are likely due to the release of serotonin, as serotonin is a large factor in mood. Serotonin is also responsible for releasing vasopressin and oxytocin, which also amplify feelings caused by MDMA. After the release of serotonin, however, the brain “comes down” from these feelings. Confusion, depression, and anxiety are common after serotonin has been depleted, and may become chronic after heavy MDMA

Testing for the comparison between bath salts and ecstasy was conducted on rats, showing that bath salts have similar effects on the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, while as stated before, it is not quite as harmful, with the tests showing that in the long run the drug does not deplete serotonin as severely. Yet more testing is needed to be done on the long-term effect. (DiSalvo, 2012)

Researchers suggests that MDMA works by shifting the user's attention to positive experiences and takes away negative

Recreational drugs are made up of chemicals that tend to affect the brain by becoming involved in the way our brain’s neurons send, receive, and process their information. Drugs can also interrupt or change the way in which neurotransmitters relay messages. One of these drugs is MDMA (Methylenedioxyphenethylamine) which first became very popular in the late 80’s as a party drug taken at dance clubs and parties, and is now well know among college students. This drug is used recreationally among college students in its various forms, the big one being Ecstasy.

Drugs have been around for a very long time. They are used for a variety of reasons. Some of these reasons include relaxation, socialization, curiosity, stress relief, or a form of escapism. However, most people don’t know the threats and danger that it can cause to the body. In this paper, we are going to examine the changes that happen inside the brain due to the effects of different drugs. We will look closely at how drugs such as hallucinogens, ecstasy, cocaine, heroin, and cannabis affect an individual psychologically. I will explain the origin of the drugs, how a person feels while on the drug, how the drugs

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter in the brain that has an enormous influence over many brain functions. It is synthesized, from the amino acid L-tryptophan, in brain neurons and stored in vesicles. Serotonin is found in three main areas of the body: the intestinal wall; large constricted blood vessels; and the central nervous system. The most widely studied effects have been those on the central nervous system. The functions of serotonin are numerous and appear to involve control of appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood, behavior (including sexual and hallucinogenic behavior), cardiovascular function, muscle contraction, endocrine regulation, and

The role of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the scientific community is controversial, but recent findings suggest that it could be a promising aid in psychotherapy (Mithoefer et al., 2013). MDMA is a popular recreational drug that has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties and is known to promote positive mood and enhanced overall sociability in users (Liechti et al., 2001). An overwhelming amount of past research on MDMA raises concerns about its neurotoxicity, but there is no present consensus on the topic due to both the lack of translatability across species and inconsistent findings (Mueller et al., 2013). Despite the uncertainty about its neurotoxicity, MDMA is presently undergoing trials to test its efficacy as a