Ectopic Research Papers

     A fetus is tissue growing inside the body of a woman. Since a fetus has

Conception also known as fertilisation is the fusing of two gametes. This creates an embryo which will eventually develop into a baby. All human life begins with conception. A fertile woman will usually produce one egg a month around 2 weeks after the last menstrual period.

Even the language of conception and gestation have been hijacked by politics and religious fundamentalists. All unborn are called “fetuses.” This clearly shows the ignorance of basic human biology. The newly fertilized egg is a zygote --- not a fetus and not a human being. It is a few cells with potential but no distinguishing characteristics and no ability to feel anything. A zygote becomes a blastocyst, which is a zygote that has reached a certain number of cells but has not yet stuck to the uterine walls. Five weeks after conception, snug in the uterine tissue it becomes an embryo. It does not become a fetus until it is ten weeks old and has ears and some facial features. Society laughs at people who call zebras “horses” and yet tolerates the word fetus for zygote, blastocyst and embryo. Getting the language right can help laypeople realize that a zygote or blastocyst is not a baby.

The birthing process is a commonly known, world-wide event, whether you are in the United States or in a different country. Everyone differs with their processes and customs throughout birth. Some women seek medical attention to help with their birth, as others tend to do it on their own with no help. With research we are able to learn, understand, and compare this beautiful aspect of life between different cultures.

Beliefs and perceptions regarding birth and birthing practices are often shaped by various exposures, locations, cultures, traditions and personal experiences. In order to provide holistic care, it is imperative to recognize the diverse perceptions individuals have concerning birth and attempt to understand the driving forces behind them. Additionally, it is also critical to have a sense of self-awareness as well as reflect on one's own perceptions and history.

With fallopian tube problems there could be liquid in the tube which cause disruption within the traveling of the egg throughout the tube, the tube could also be too small, if this happens the egg could get stuck, begin to grow within the tube itself then burst. With the uterine/cervical problem an egg doesn't implant properly in the uterus or an embryo with structural defects that prevent it from developing. On the other hand miscarriages causes are infections, radiation, diseases, certain medication, lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, illegal drug use), incompetent cervix, and etc. Women can help themselves and doctors to prevent miscarriages. But “the embryo or fetus has a chromosome that causes it to develop abnormally which is not usually a sign of a condition that could causes problems with future pregnancies. Usually this happens by chance when fertilized egg divides and grows. This problem causes at least half miscarriages,” Often time’s doctors cannot detect why the fetus died, sometimes it’s meant for humans to be uncertain, everything happens for a reason and everything does not have an explanation behind results. Stillbirths on the other hand are problems within the womb, and majority of the time doctors cannot detect the problem of stillborn. Since most mothers do not fully understand the main problem they often tend

This is what potentially creates the baby. After 3 weeks of being fertilized, the embryo is less than 1/10 of an inch. The heart of the baby is now beating. At 4 weeks it is about 1/5 of an inch long. It now has a tale that is its back bone that will disappear in a few weeks. Genes are being turned on and cells are able to talk through chemical messages. 18 weeks after being fertilized, the baby is able to be viewed through an ultra sound and in some cases, able to determine the sex of the baby. The embryo is enabled with two sets of gonads and two sets of tubes which is what can make the baby either a male or female. One pair of chromosomes determines which sex that baby will be. After 29 weeks, it is now a fetus and just over an inch long. The fetus heart beats about twice as many times as an adult heart. There is a 50% increase in blood supply for the mother. Now the mother is ready to give birth. Human births are actually more dangerous than any other mammal. The baby preforms many contortions to fit through the mother's opening and if not able to be born through vaginal birth, the mother will undergo a "C" section. After nine months of carrying another human being inside her stomach and going through labor and painful child birth, the mother is blessed with a beautiful child.

Ectopia Cordis is an uncommon congenital abnormality in which the heart is found in part or absolutely outside the thoracic cavity. Ectopia Cordis occurs in 5 to 7 per one million live births and is correlated with an extremely high mortality rate. The estimated prevalence rate of ectopia cordis is 0.079/10,000 births and is said to occur more in female infants ( Robert, 2013).There are four different types of Ectopia Cordis that are corresponded by the position of the heart outside the body. Today, most cases of Ectopia Cordis are diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy.

The incidence of congenital malformations in multiple births is up to 4 times higher than that of singleton births (Menasinkai & Chiniwar, 2013). Corsello and Giuffrè (2012) define congenital malformations as single or multiple defects of the morphogenesis of organs or body districts identifiable at birth or during intrauterine life. The whole family and their quality of life are impacted when a child is born with birth defects, particularly emotionally. Parents of children with congenital malformations face a unique challenge in adjusting and learning to care for them appropriately. Post diagnosis of congenital malformation, the parents often go through the typical stages of grief very similar to if they had lost the child. This is recognized as a part of the process and it is normal for parents to mourn the loss of what they expected to be a healthy child (Lemacks, Fowles, Mateus, & Thomas, 2013). The parent’s emotional and mental health can be adversely impacted and as a result suffer depression and anxiety, which can have a devastating effect on the entire family (Song et all., 2012). Siblings and parent’s interaction outside the family can be hugely affected with parents frequently being unable or unwilling to take part in particular social activities. Grief counseling is shown to help

Additionally, midwifery skills is continually polluted by years of managing labour under obstetric vigilance and high end technology. Consequently, the dominance of the medical model over the biological model persisted with a negative implication for midwifery confidence in promoting normal births (RCM, 2014; Lucas, 2011). Hence, change can only be possible if the blame and claim culture of childbirth and birthing without fear is realised for women, midwives and obstetricians (Johanson et al., 2002). Amidst the medical model dissecting and reconstructing pregnancy and childbirth with disregard for maternal inherent physiology, there is no doubt that the obstetrician plays an important role in preserving lives when complications of pregnancy

The sperm meets the egg so they can produce a baby. The egg develops in a woman's ovary to the womb. The womb is just another word for uterus which just holds the baby until it is ready to come out. The egg and sperm are put together to achieve unassisted fertilization which is when the women is unable to get pregnant, The egg cell contains mitochondria, which supplies the energy for the baby to feed off of. The sperm must get through the thick cell membrane to get to the egg cell. Once inside the egg, a chemical reaction takes place to keep other sperms from gaining entry. Meanwhile, the successful sperm cell will lose its tail while its dna packed head will fuse with the nucleus of the egg.(eHow.com) A fertilized egg cell is known as a zygote. Fallowing fertilization, the zygote undergoes continuous cell division, which eventually produces a child' .The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. It produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes. The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of

The follicle ruptures and releases the ovum as it travels through the fallopian tube it meets with the sperm, during this stage the sperm and ovum crate a zygote which will become the embryo.

Our society sees women who are pregnant as special, and give them special treatment, some women feed off this attention so much and crave it so bad that they will do absolutely anything to have it (Geberth). Pregnancy usually comes with positive social reactions

Globally, estimated 1.5 billion women were of childbearing age (15 to 45 years old) in 2011; 26% (310.62 million) of them covered by India only. Among 1.5 billion, 210 million become pregnant every year; of which; 86.66% (accounting as 182 million) of in developing world and remaining 13.33% (28 million) was in developed countries. 1, 2 Similarly 139.65 million births were in 2009 in the world and 26.92 million only in India.2 Pregnancy and childbirth are special events in women’s lives. This can be a time of great hope and joyful anticipation3. Though pregnancy and childbirth are a natural and usual phenomenon, these events put every woman at risk of complications and it directly/indirectly affect to the growth and development of the infant. Most maternal and child deaths occur during late pregnancy and the first year of the child’s life respectively.4

Each year, approximately six million women will become pregnant in the United States. However, instead of being met with the tremendous amount of delight, anticipation, and hopefulness of most expectant parents, roughly half, or 2.8 million American women, will experience of a spectrum of confusion, fear, and regret as an outcome of an unintended, unwanted, or mistimed pregnancy (“Unintended Pregnancy in the United