Effect Of Ginger On The Brain Of Diabetes Induced Diabetic Rats Essay

Early 1900’s a man named Alois Alzheimer cared for a woman who had rapid severe declining dementia, after she died he was able to study her brain where he found atrophy of the grey matter along with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which when destroyed interrupts the messages sent from the neurotransmitters to the central and limbic regions of the brain resulting in early

Some area’s affected by neuronal loss are the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and cerebellum. Even with a single TBI, neuronal loss does occur, and evidence suggests this neuronal loss continues beyond the initial injury phase. White matter degeneration does occur as well, and while this study has little information on this, it is noted that white matter injury as well as axonal pathology has been suggested as a mechanism of rapid Aβ genesis. Also seen in neurodegeneration is neuroinflammation that is beyond repair. This inflammation continues after the initial injury in the white matter region, including the corpus callosum. Finally, changes in the cerebellar pathology are noted, in particular loss of cerebellar neurons. Smith, Johnson, & Stewart (2013) note atrophy and demyelination of the folial white matter present in those affected by

The brain is a complex and curious organ; despite extensive research, scientists still know little about it. William Allman described the brain as “a monstrous, beautiful mess.” He went on to say that “its billions of nerve cells – called neurons – lie in a tangled web that display cognitive powers far exceeding any of the silicon machines [scientists] have built to mimic it” (faculty.washington.edu). Imagine this mess of neurons experiencing a simple disruption, one that creates a domino effect that effortlessly damages this intricately created organ. Some of the most disastrous disruptions to this complex organ, traumatic brain injuries, most commonly occur in the frontal lobe. Injuries to

In some of the professional athlete studies, for example, post-mortem examinations tend to demonstrate a complex series of changes that occurs not only in the gross anatomy of the brain but on the cellular level as well. The alteration of the anatomic and neurological structure often identifies CTE during autopsy through a series of markers, including an overall thinning of the corpus callosum, decrease in the average weight of the brain, enlargement of the ventricles, and significant atrophy of the brain, specifically in both frontal and temporal lobes (Edwards & Bodle, 2014). Furthermore, cellular level changes typically include alterations of both neuropil threads and neurofibrillary tangles, following a similar pathophysiology as that of Alzheimer’s disease and early onset dementia. The primary distinction between all of these conditions, however, is that the changes in CTE tend to affect multiple regions in the brain that are almost in equal in proportion and distribution (Edwards & Bodle,

As a medical practitioner, I was always fascinated by the complexities of the human nervous system. A few years later, during my neurology residency training, I developed special interests in the field of neurodegenerative disorders and dementias. These are largely non-curable disorders

Although, causes are still unknown about how the disease started, researchers are aware that the damage in the brain begins 10 to 20 years before changes are noticeable. Two main features in the brain which were introduced earlier in this paper are the amyloid plaques, they are found in gaps between nerve cells of the

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in the body that is related to a faulty metabolism. It means that the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly, which leads to adverse effects in the health. The food we ingest, gets broken down into blood sugar (glucose), which is what fuels our body in the form of energy. This converted glucose needs to enter our cells so that it can be used for energy and growth. And in order for the glucose to enter our cells, there needs to be insulin present, which the beta cells of the pancreas is responsible for producing. This hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main

Some major changes include the shriveling of the cortex, and shrinkage primarily in the hippocampus. The cortex damage results in limited cognitive and memory abilities, and the hippocampus shrinkage further destroys the patient’s ability to create new

Alzheimer’s disease looks to be caused by an accumulation of neurotoxic proteins in the cerebrum, this is the part of the

The brain ages just as our body ages; its ability to function and physical appearance change over time. Physical changes to the brain often include shrinking and death of neurons, decrease in neurotransmitter synthesis and signaling, and decrease in cortical thickness. The hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus experience the most significant variances in the aging brain. These three regions can account for up 25-100% of the cognitive variance seen when comparing aged and younger individuals. Additionally, the brain can have losses of up to 50% of myelinated

External features of the brain such as the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem were identified.

The roles of antioxidants( Endogenous compounds) are to neutralize the excess of free radicals, to protect the cells against their toxic effects and to contribute in disease

1.6.5 Assessment of antidiabetic activity of swertiamarin treated STZ-induced Wistar rats by analysis of Biochemical parameters

Furthermore, results of studies with animals with focal lesions have been extrapolated to provide insight into the functioning of the human brain.

Diabetes Overview - While modern lifestyles and medical care have certainly improved the longevity of humans in the developed world, and contributed to a greater quality of life scenario, those same lifestyles have engendered a number of issues that contribute to disease. Lack of proper diet, fast food, high fat and carbohydrate diets without adequate fruits and vegetables, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol contribute to an epidemic of obesity which, in turn, contributes to a serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. While not managed by insulin injections, it is nevertheless quite serious and has a number of progressing symptoms that, if not treated properly, can result in cardiovascular, renal and neurological problems, as well as amputation, ocular issues, and even cognitive dysfunction.