Effect Of Sulfur Dioxide Pollution On Lichen

Nitrogen oxide, when exposed over a long duration of time, can decrease lung function and also increase the chance of getting bronchitis, cough or phlegm, which is more likely to come into

Comparing these two field sites, are there any other environmental factors (except air quality) that you think might also affect the composition of lichen communities? List as many as you can think of and explain how they would affect lichen communities.

In Shreveport, LA, many residents suffer from respiratory issues that they believe are caused by the local refinery, Calumet (Moskowitz). Residents have suffered for generations losing family members to cancer that they believe is brought on by pollution that the refinery emits. Some residents suffer lesser but chronic health issues ranging from minor respiratory issues like asthma to blood clots in their lungs. “Calumet denies that its refinery is the cause of any of these health issues” (Moskowitz). Many chemicals that are released by refineries can cause respiratory problems, cancer, nerve damage, and in some cases even death. There is no absolute way to be sure that all health problems happening near Calumet are caused by the pollution that it emits, but it could be a contributing factor in worsening symptoms. A resident of Marrero, LA, a town south of Norco refining, stated that they could not leave their house due to excess levels of pollution triggering asthma attacks (Ludwig). Sulfur dioxide is a known chemical that can trigger asthma attacks, it is also one of the many harmful chemicals that can be released by refineries (Sturgis). Refineries will measure levels of emissions when there is a chemical spill, so they know almost exactly how much pollution they have emitted. Minor incidents are not always reported or are under reported, but they can have the same damaging effects on the environment and the overall health of the community (Sturgis). “LABB’s reports confirms what workers and residents have known for years-petrochemical companies to often skirt the laws for reporting serious incidents”

Smog is highly prevalent in the most contaminated area embodying sulfur dioxide pollutants - Pekin, IL. With this, the DangerInTheAir studies fully demonstrate defected areas emitting heavy sulfur dioxide pollutants as definite factors to prolonging asthma related health issues.

However, the experiment could have been conducted in further detail to produce a more accurate set of results.

In the Mojave Desert, the bad air quality is caused mainly by the wildfires, exhaust from vehicles, and power plants in the surrounding areas. The desert’s ecosystem is impacted by elements

The purpose of this experiment was we were trying to see if the number of arthropods would be significantly different in sparse and dense areas of the woods. Ms.Ehnert provided us with the design of a trap to set up in the woods so we could more actually count the amount and types of bugs that we find. The trap was a cup filled with anti-freeze that we put in the ground and then covered it with a paper plait, but raised it so bugs could get in and bigger animals couldn’t. We waited for a week to collect the results and then counted all of them and sorted them. My hypothesis was based off of common sense, the simple assumption that less trees equals less arthropods and more trees equals more arthropods. I knew that living things need a habitat

The NPCA found that even parks with the most protection under the Clear Air Act continue to experience pollution. The parks include icons like Mesa Verde, Everglades, Yosemite, Acadia and Sequoia. The pollution can affect wildlife and human health, as well as the climate. According to the National Park Service's data, ozone levels on the peaks of the Great Smoky Mountains, for example, are nearly twice those in nearby cities like Atlanta. Up to 90 percent of black cherry trees in the park (depending on location) have sickly yellow leaves and other signs of ozone damage. Visitors with asthma can have trouble breathing. In California, Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks regularly have ozone pollution that exceeds 70 parts per billion. The number is the standard set by the Environmental Protection

Did you know many upper respiratory diseases such as asthma and others diseases like cataracts and skin cancer are aggravated by air pollution. The NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) states that “the following air pollutants are common triggers of asthma, ground level ozone, sulfur dioxide, fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxide.” Air pollution is the presence in or introduction into the air of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.

When it comes to nature, trees, rivers, the sky, air pollution also affect the environment. Air pollution can harm the ecosystem. “Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide cause eutrophication and acidification of lakes and streams, damaging ecosystems” (Melamed et al, 2016). This can harm the environment and contribute to the human health problems. We drink water, and water plants with water. Even more particulate matter interact with cloud formation processes and may impact the amount and location of precipitation (Melamed et al, 2016). This is the reason of flooding and water problems.

Question: How does the increase in air pollution near roads influence the abundance of lichen species such as Lepraria incana on shrub species?

The most important part of the experiment was not whether the hypothesis was correct, but it was what I gained from the project. As I progressed with my experiment, I learned many things. My knowledge of the Bay Laurel, Laurus nobilis, plant expanded greatly. I learned that the Bay laurel was a large shrub with green and glossy

In their research article on wildfires and climate change, Liu, Goodrick and Heilman (2013) found that the exhaust from wildfires

The sulfur dioxide has great detriment for plants and human beings. Its toxicity is large and has corrosivity and decomposability. “Sulphur is a highly noxious venom for people's health, although we can be more resistant than other creatures that live with us. For example, the level of 0,3 µg per cubic metre of air implies a potential risk for human health, but for trees, 0,2 µg is extremely dangerous. In 1956, the London smog (caused by sulfuric acid mist) led to more than 4700 deaths. The pollution of sulfur dioxide has direct effect on human beings and animals’ life. When human body absorbs the sulfur trioxide or sulfuric acid mist formed by sulfur dioxide, its stimulation and detriment would be more significant, even though its density is only 1/10 of sulfur dioxide. Some experiments have proved that the physiological reaction caused by sulfuric acid mist is four times of sulfur dioxide. If he density of sulfur dioxide increases double each year, the death rate would increase by 11%.

Sulfur Dioxide Pollution in Sullivan County The environmental issue that I have chosen to talk about is sulfur dioxide pollution, specifically in my community and surrounding communities. “The environmental impact of acid rain is that it is a major contributor to acid rain” (Sulfur Dioxide). Acid rain is just normal rain but with a lower pH, “this slightly more acidic water gets into ponds and streams and can alter the biodiversity of it by making the water not suitable for certain species. Another effect of acid rain is that it can leach aluminum into the soil, aluminum is harmful to plant life and wildlife” (Effects of Acid Rain). “The impact on people is the increased likelihood of someone developing short term or long term respiratory