Effect of the Different Types of Substrates on the Biodegradability of Sm Plastic Bags

Three ways to assess water are positive/negative, membrane filtration and IDEXX Colilert and Enterolert assays. For membrane filtration, petri dishes and an incubator are used. For IDEXX coliert powdered medium is used for total coliform and E. Coli, while Enterolert media is used for enterococci. Also an incubator, colilert trays are used. IDEXX is more expensive than membrane filtration.

For the second part of the experiment I cut the cheesecloth into four pieces and folded them so that it was four layers thick. I placed one piece of cheesecloth into the funnel and measured 60mL of soil using the 100mL to help measure the soil and poured that into the funnel. Taking beaker number one I poured the contents into the funnel and let that filter into beaker number five. I used the same technique as above and I repeated the same thing to beakers number two through four and poured them into beakers number six through eight. Once this was done I observed beakers five through eight and wrote down my observations in Table 1.

In this experiment, there were 6 different test tubes, each containing a different amount of phosphate concentration. Using a balance, 1 g of phosphate in a 400 mL beaker was measured and then inserted into a 100 mL graduated cylinder. 5 mL of ammonium vanadomolybdate (AVM) was added, along with deionized water until the solution reached to 25 mL. Then the solution was poured into one of the six test tubes. Another test tube contained 2 g of phosphate (phosphate was again measured using the balance) and the step described earlier was repeated until five of the six test tubes were filled, each with the same volume of 25 mL. The sixth test tube was filled with only deionized water, with 25 mL as the volume. A spectrophotometer was then used to determine the percent transmittance for each solution. The absorbance was also calculated using the equation A = -log (T). Each given amount of phosphate was converted into moles and then applied the value of .025 L for the volume to calculate the molarity of phosphate in each solution.

The plastics block the light of the sun from reaching the plant life, such as plankton, which happens to be the best autotroph in the sea.

The experimental procedures for Lab 2 were provided on Blackboard labelled as “Pre-Lab 2: Techniques & Measurement”.

The solution has been dechlorinated and adjusted to be slightly acidic. Place 75 mL of the solution in each of three labeled beakers. Obtain an animal organism, small fish, and a plant organism, Elodea. One beaker will be the control and will not have anything in it. Place exactly 25 mL of water in a 50-mL graduated cylinder. Place each organism in a cylinder and note the increase in volume above the original 25mL. The increase equals the volume of the organism. After taking measurement, cover each beaker with the plastic film. Place the beaker containing the Elodea in the dark by covering it with aluminum foil. Allow organisms to respire for 15 min. Gently remove the organisms from the beakers and return them to their original culture bowls. Then add four drops of phenolphthalein to the contents of each beaker. The solutions should remain clear because the solutions are acidic. Using a dropper bottle, dispense NaOH into the contents of the beaker drop by drop. Thoroughly mix the contents of the beaker after adding each drop. Continue adding drops until you first notice that the solution turns pink. Repeat for each beaker with at the living organism until the solution is the same shade of pink as the

Aquatic creatures to mistake them for food. The beads could physically clog up their stomachs and prevent them from getting adequate nutrition. Another worry is that plastic is very good at absorbing other toxic pollutants in the water, like PCBs, pesticides, and motor oil. Then as smaller creatures are eaten by bigger creatures, the toxins get concentrated up the food chain.

Photosynthesis Lab Christina Good Biology Riker December 9, 14 In this lab the purpose was to investigate that light and water are both needed for photosynthesis. The hypothesis was if the disk was placed in light then it will float and if the disk was not placed in light then the disk will not float. The prediction for this lab is that in light the disk will float and in darkness it will not.

The purpose of the lab was to make observations and inferences, on how 2 types of packing material reacts to different liquids. In part one of the lab, 2 different types of packing material was placed in separate beakers of acetone and water. After a minute of stirring using the glass stirring rod, iodine, an indicator, was added to each beaker. In part 2, tin foil was rolled and placed in a solution of water and crystals. Observations were taken in all parts of the lab.

Expectedly, the soil and a variety of dense particles settled to the bottom of the test tube. Using a pipette we drew water from the center of the sample, but making sure not to draw up any soil. Three separate slides were prepared, each

Buffer A prepared with 3mM EDTA in a 125mL of deionized water. The pH adjusted to 8.0 and 10mM Tris added. The final volume of EDTA adjusted to 250mL. The Buffer I prepared 0.01M K-PO4 in 25mL deionized water, and pH adjusted to 7.5. An amount of 0.3nM EDTA prepared, 30g/L of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone added, and mixed with 0.01M K-PO4 in a separate beaker. The final volume adjusted to 50mL. Three hundred grams spinach leaves collected as a class and blended with a 200mL of Buffer I for one minute. The filtrate filtered with miracloth, volume measured, transferred 1mL to an Eppendorf tube.

Tools being used: 4 test tubes, 3 pH strips, 4 100mL plastic beakers, 4 zip-ties, 250 mL beakers, a thermometer, measuring spoons, a 10 mL granular cylinder, and plastic funnel.

Items needed for this experiment are: 6 petri dishes that have been prepared with nutrient agar and made into plates, then labeled 10-1 through 10-6, 6 test tubes labeled 10-1 through 10-6 then place in test tube rack, sterilize graduated pipet with alcohol, be sure to remove all of the alcohol from pipet, distilled water, 1 disposable cups, 1 yeast packet, permanent marker, paper towels, bleach, safety gloves, goggles, face mask and apron.

Items for this experiment will include: a large pan, water, diluent, safe gloves, testing strips, a UV light (blacklight), beakers/ test tubes, a pipette, corn samples, as well as a clean lab and clean workstation.

Due to their regurgitation ability; most studies have focused on the ingestion of plastic pollution by bird, this does little harm to birds used in the studies. The effects of ingestible plastic on fish have not been studied as thoroughly and no studies have been conducted on filter-feeding organisms, which do not possess a feeding mechanism which would allow them to distinguish between plastic and plankton. Plastic pollution is only getting worse due to increasing population of developing countries. A wide variety of marine species is known to be harmed by plastic debris. This could threaten the survival of certain species, especially since many are sadly endangered by other types of anthropogenic actions.