Effectiveness Of Adherence Medication Therapy

The Department of Health and Human Services launched Healthy People 2020 to promote quality of life and healthy development across all life ages (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). As a healthcare professional working at retail sector, one of the pharmacist duties is to improve medication adherence that promote better quality of life for all groups. One of the biggest challenges for healthcare professional is improve medication adherence after the initial discharged of the patient to prevent hospital readmission. According to a study by the New England Healthcare Institute (NEHI), nearly one in five patients discharged from the hospital is readmitted within 30 days and resulted in an estimated total cost of readmissions

Some of the factors that patients do not adhere to when their healthcare provider tells them too is due to patients being too busy. Often times life is very busy as we all know this but forgetting to take of yourself can have detrimental effects to your health. Some people think they can get better on their own without the help of a doctor so they feel like they will be fine or able to handle any health complication on their own. Another reason is that often people do not understand or they forget what the doctor is telling them about their prescribed treatment regimens and other patients decide to simply not follow it. As stated in the article by Sklar, Min Sen Oh & & Chuen Li, 2008 “Poor communication with healthcare providers was also likely to cause a negative effect on patient’s compliance (Bartlett et al 1984; Apter et al 1998)”. Miscommunication between a doctor and patient is at the root of most adherence problems. Often times patients leave their doctors office not knowing or having the slightest clue to what they should be doing. Instead of asking for help or clarity they just leave. Communication needs to be clear and effective for both the patient and the doctor. Non-adherence is wide spread when it comes to patients not adhering to what professionals tell them. Many patients will have significant risks because they forget,

Many hospitals across the nation are faced with hundreds of patients who are readmitted due to medication non -adherence. Interdisciplinary teams were created base on this

The demand for the medical services offered by pharmacists increases every year as the elderly population grows and the number of prescriptions increases to meet their needs. The United States Census Bureau recently found that 1 in 5 Americans will meet the age criteria necessary to be considered elderly. The National Association of Chain Drug Stores projects the growth of filled prescriptions in the United States from 4.1 billion in 2015 to 4.7 billion by 2021. Pharmacists perform a variety of tasks beyond just filling prescriptions, such as researching new drugs, working in hospitals, and writing patents. The high demand for pharmacists provides a wide array of career choices in both the private and public sectors.

Medication adherence is described as the extent to which the patients take medication as prescribed by the health care provider. To ensure the patients receive proper care, health care systems must implement procedures to successfully meet their needs and overall improve their quality of life. However, there are several reasons that affect proper medical care, which ultimately results in an increase in health care expenses and poorer health outcomes for patients. Studies have shown that approximately 50% of patients do not take their chronic medications as prescribed and that nonadherence can cost the health care system nearly $100 to $289 billion per year (1). Medication adherence is difficult to achieve due to ineffective communication between

In the dissertation Adherence to Stimulants in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, O’Callaghan (2009) examines the experiences, points of view and insights of adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as it relates to medication adherence. The theoretical foundation for the study is centered on the Health Belief Model, in which an individual’s perceived acuteness of ADHD symptoms, perceived efficacy and cost of medication treatment influence medication adherence (O’Callaghan, 2009). To gain a better understanding the complexities of medication adherence among adults with ADHD, the researcher used the mixed methods approach of explanatory sequential design (O’Callaghan, 2009). For this particular study, the quantitative

“The odds of having good health outcomes are 2.88 % higher when patients are adherent” ( DiMatteo, Haskard-Zolnierek & Martin, 2012, p. 75). Nonadherence occurs for many reasons and may or may not be intentional. Nonadherence is defined as the failure to follow prescribed medical advice. Examples of actions considered to be medical advice are: to take medication as prescribed, make behavioral changes such as diet and exercise, keep appointments, and have screenings/testing done. Nonadherence, also called noncompliance also causes frustration of providers and patients, and wastes resources. Rates of nonadherence can be as high as 70% with complex regimens (Martin, Williams & DiMatteo, 2005). Factors in compliance with medical advice include: severity of disease, complexity of regimen, patient knowledge and beliefs, costs incurred by the patient, resource availability, availability of social support, psychological problems, and rapport and communication with healthcare providers.

Some reasons for non-adherence are common across all types of illnesses. These include side effects, cost, forgetfulness, and not feeling the need to take the drug (Wegmann, n.d.). Adherence rates decrease even more when an illness is chronic, in part due to the additional complexities of these illnesses. Multifaceted treatment regimens, multiple physician involvement, and lack of understanding about medications are common reasons for this increase in non-adherence. Moreover, people who have chronic illnesses often feel that they do not need medication when they are feeling asymptomatic (Brown & Bussells, 2011). Chronic psychiatric disorders, especially severe ones, can come with their own reasons for non-adherence. These can include anosognosia (an unawareness or denial of a neurological deficit), and feeling “enslaved” to the medication (Colom et al., 2005). Even the very nature of bipolar disorder can lead to noncompliance. Both the seductive nature of mania, and the apathy of depression can lend themselves toward medication non-adherence (Black Dog Institute, 2013). In fact, 90% of people with bipolar disorder have seriously considered stopping their medication therapy at some time during their life (Colom et al., 2005). Given the multitude of reasons listed above, is not surprising that bipolar disorder has

Straka (2012) suggested effective HH education in basic nursing curricula may improve adherence in clinical practice. Interactive educational methods include role play, student feedback, cognitive reflection, self-assessment, or use of a fluorescent marker to demonstrate HH effectiveness. Huang et al. (2002) found increased adherence four months after an educational intervention. Hill et al. (2014) found LTCF nurses often received HH training using return demonstration and were more likely to educate residents, family members, or visitors. Ellingson et al. (2014) found having a clinical role model provide HH education helpful.

Medication adherence is one of the most important challenge in healthcare research due to its complexity and impact on overall health outcomes. The work suggests that non-adherence is frequent for all drug classes and the causes are attributed to characteristics of the medication itself, high cost of prescription drugs, lack of patient education and psychological variables. Most of the solution defined to address the level of non-adherence stresses the importance of developing HIT infrastructures. The collection and sharing of healthcare related data has been facilitated by the advances in ensuring EHRs while the patients are treated in hospital.

To the best of our knowledge this is one of the first studies to explore the association between medication adherence and the potentially inappropriate medication use and also the related socio-demographic variables in elderly population with chronic illness in an outpatient setup. Adherence is measured by three levelled MMAS-8, PIM is evaluated by AGS Beers criteria 2015 and the data were analysed by ordinal logistic regression model. Two hundred-six patients (48.5%) do not adhere to the regimens as prescribed (MMAS-8 < 6) while 179 (42.1%) had medium adherence (MMAS-8 6 to criteria cannot be used as a gold standard, as they do not identify all cases and aspects of potentially inappropriate prescribing and the criteria are designed

Hello, Shilynne. Great information and resources. The Google search engine was also useful in my chosen research study. I typed in “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” and several facts and information about COPD shown in the results. Then I typed in “COPD medication adherence article” and I chose the Journal from Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine as one of my resources. The title of the article was “COPD: Adherence to therapy”. The review is about the factors affecting treatment compliance in patient with COPD. The factors affecting compliance and the cause of noncompliance were addressed in the article. The authors also concluded that to reach the goal of therapy adherence and the success depends on the selection of the inhaler devices.

The provision of written medication information given to the patient helps significantly in cases of medication non compliance (McGraw & Drennan 2004). This is because it aids in memory retention and presents patients with access to a reliable source of concise medication information, particularly if the patient needs to be reminded of certain aspects (Gorgos 2006). These written medication information sheets need to be provided in the patients primary, dominant language because it reduces the difficulty and limits barriers to patient understanding (Gorgos 2006).This is important because this intervention aims to increase a patient’s understanding of their medications, and when a patient feels more competent with the use of their medications, reduced

Medication adherence comes from whether or not the patient takes their medication as prescribed, and on whether or not they continue to take that medication. Medication noncompliance has been a growing concern in the healthcare industry due to the association with relapse, higher cost of care, lower level of functioning, risk for suicide, and re-hospitalization with longer hospital stays (Bressington, Gray, & Mui, 2013). There are many different factors that can be associated with medication noncompliance in addition to negative attitudes toward taking medication, poor insight, substance misuse, previous noncompliance and inadequate discharge planning.

Today in the 21st century the roles of pharmacist have expanded tremendously. Before pharmacist had the role of solely dispensing drugs. Pharmacists were limited to only being regulatory or clinical pharmacist. Back then they were called medical purveyors who were much like today’s regulatory pharmacist and hospital pharmacist who are similar to hospital pharmacist. Now pharmacists carry many roles in healthcare. Pharmacist can play roles in public health, community, health systems, state, and federal government.