Effectiveness Of Inhaled Corticosteroids As Needed For Exercise Induced Asthma Among The Adult And Adolescent Population

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that impacts a person’s and their family’s quality of life. In people with asthma, their airway becomes constricted with swelling and excessive mucous. This constriction or narrowing of the airway makes it difficult for the person with asthma to breath (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2009). If asthma is left uncontrolled, it leads to further wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, tiredness, and stress. (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2009).

I have made no changes to Ms. Dahlberg's bronchodilator and inhaled corticosteroid use. She does have a prescription of prednisone at home, as she is well aware of her asthma exacerbation equivalents. She does have a history of steroid use psychosis and I advised her to initiate treatment at 40 mg per day. She should then seek further medical attention after initiating systemic steroids. She should also continue use of her current bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids.

Exercise-induced asthma is an acute transient airway narrowing that occurs during and most often after exercise. It is objectively defined as a 10% fall in forced expiratory volume in the first second from baseline that may be measured up to thirty minutes following exercise (M&M). Exercise-induced asthma occurs not only in elite athletes and asthmatics, but it can also be found in non-asthmatics. The stimulation of exercise-induced asthma can range anywhere from inhaling allergens to hyperventilation or intense exercise. The management and prevention of exercise-induced asthma is a series of trials to reduce the effects of prolonged bronchoconstriction.

Also as none of us had any allergies, we therefore had no need to take any medication whilst the exercise was taking place. Before the exercise had taken place me and my partner were both calm and relaxed, however one the exercise had been undertaken we then started to breathe very heavily and also consumed a full water bottle due to dehydration.

Patients had to measure their IC by using an incentive spirometer to measure static lung values. They performed this test for 20 minutes after inhaling 400 mg of salbutamol via a nebulizer. The patients were asked to use the FVC spirometer and told to take a deep breath and then to let the breath out passively. They were then asked to do the same maneuver 2 more times, but the closeness made the study choose the first attempt.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the pathophysiology of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation, with explanation of arterial blood gas pattern during an asthma exacerbation. Also, explain how ethnicity might impact pathophysiology of asthma and asthma exacerbation. The diagnosis and treatment plan needed to relieve the presented signs and symptoms will be reviewed. Lastly, constructs two mind maps for chronic asthma and asthma exacerbation including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

Data: Pulmonary function tests dated 2011 demonstrate an EFV1 of 1.01L which is 35% of predicted. The DLCO is significantly reduced at 22% of predicted.

Discuss the roles of medications, ICS for long term anti-inflammatory effect and Beta adrenergic for immediate bronchial dilation.

The immune system can be affected by overtraining. The increased training load can place increased physical stress on the body, which can cause the body to become defenseless against infections. Hackney and Koltun (2012) mentioned that it is believed that tissue trauma from excessive exercise can produce an abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines which can lead to a sickness response. Impaired pro-inflammatory cytokines includes interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines also leads to an up-regulation of humoral immunity and suppression of the immune responses. The development of cell-mediated immuno-suppression increases the risk of upper respiratory infection (URI). URI causes illness-like symptoms and compromises physical performance, and is mainly seen in marathon runners (Hackney & Koltun, 2012).

Breathing is a vital process for every human. Normal breathing is practically effortless for most people, but those with asthma face a great challenge. During an asthma attack, breathing is hampered, making it difficult or even impossible for air to flow through the lungs. Asthma is an increasingly common problem, and has become the most common chronic childhood disease. At least 17 million Americans suffer from it(1), and although it can be fatal, it is usually not that severe(4). There is no cure for asthma, but with proper care, it can usually be controlled.

It is important because many people do not know that asthma can potentially get worse from certain treatment options. Since asthma is a very common disease I believe that people should be aware of anything that can affect them and cause them harm. In the article The Local Side Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids by Nicholas J. Roland, Rajiv K. Bhalla, and John Earis it states” Inhaled corticosteroids can lead to osteoporosis, bruising and thinning of the skin, subscapular cataracts, and even glaucoma.” (214). These side effects are things that people should be fully aware of and know that there is a chance that they might have to deal with side effects that could add other problems to them on top of asthma. In the article Current Treatment of Severe Asthma by S. Hashimoto and E. H. Bel states “Unfortunately the chronic use of oral corticosteroids is associated with serious side effects such as osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, and cataract formation” (697). Asthma treatments can have varying and concerning side effects that can drastically change a person’s life if they had these side

Health is defined as neither the absence nor the cure of the disease, but rather management of the condition that will produce the best quality of life for the patient (George, 2011). A person’s health and its outcomes can be measured at a number of levels, the most prominent being mortality, morbidity, functional status and handicaps, and economic values (Koot & Wallander, 2013). Health in the assessment of JD will be tailored to the management of the chronic illness of focus, asthma. This calls for the PNP to do a thorough respiratory assessment of the lungs and chest using a systematic approach. This includes inspection, palpitation, percussion, and most importantly auscultation (Duderstadt, 2006). With a baseline respiratory assessment, the PNP can utilize data in future assessments and follow up visits to manage disease progression.

Asthma one of the most common chronic illnesses, affecting 25.7 million people in the U.S., 7 million being children under the age of 18 years old. Asthma is characterized as a “chronic inflammatory disease of the airways involving recurring symptoms of airflow obstruction and bronchial hyper responsiveness (Porth, 2015). The symptoms of asthma are chronic coughing, chest tightness/pain, shortness of breath, and whistling/wheezing sounds when exhaling, These symptoms may cause complications such as trouble sleeping, not being able to participate in normal daily activities such as work or exercise and side effects from medications used to control asthma symptoms.

The article reviewed exposures that could lead to the risk of severe asthma. The article proposed the way to reduce the risk of severe asthma, however it also mentioned that further analyses is required to fully understand this issue. Having a group of candidates with mild to moderate asthma participate in a study designed to reduce the risk of severe asthma is not ideal to say the

In today’s society in athletics, muscle mass and strength seem more important than in years past. It is believed that many athletes use anabolic steroids to increase their muscle mass and also their strength. Anabolic steroids are a group of synthetic hormones that promote the storage of proteins and the growth of tissue, sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength. Before the mid 1970’s the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) was used mainly by highly trained athletes especially those involved in weight training. Since then other athletes including those involved in recreational sports and non-competitive sports have started using the steroids. Steroids are also being used by many school age children