Effects Of 1.major Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )

This topic came from the thought that depression is something that all of us have experienced at some point in our lives. It focuses on adolescents because during this period we are young and vulnerable and may not know how to cope with situations or circumstances that may lead us into depression. Factors such as going through puberty and issues at home with parents can all cause depression. This paper will talk about what is depression, how families can affect depression in the child, and how depression can lead to long term effects.

Depression is a clinical condition associated with the normal emotions of bereavement and sadness. However, this condition does not pass on when the external causes of these emotions dissolve and is usually inconsistent to their cause. In essence, the classic severe conditions of depression have not been attributed to external precipitating cause. One of the most common conditions of depression is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which is a psychiatric condition that impairs moods, behavioral patterns, and thoughts for a protracted duration. This psychiatric illness tends to impair the patient’s social functioning and quality of life due to its impacts on cognitive functioning. Some of the most common symptoms of the condition include difficulty in concentration, weight change, minimal interest in pleasure, high rate of suicide, and physical impairment. The severity of this disease was evident in the year 2000 when the World Health Organization ranked it as the fourth cause of disability and premature death across the globe.

The typical description of a disease would be something that causes unwanted effects on the body; however, mental illnesses show few physical symptoms and cause problems that outsiders can rarely see. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), to be specific, is a complex disorder that occurs when a person has five of the following symptoms: a depressed mood, diminished pleasure, weight loss or gain, insomnia, lethargy, problems with concentrating, fatigue, feeling worthless, or having thoughts of suicide (Myers 3). While MDD is chronic, depression is the infrequent counterpart. The official etiology of depression is important because it is widespread and is becoming increasingly more common. Knowing why an illness occurs, in theory, can help physicians

One day she came to school and we noticed slash marks on her neck and she told us she had attempted suicide. We abruptly told her parents and they signed her up for therapy. Through the combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy, she slowly recovered and now is free of any traces of depression. She was diagnosed with major depressive disorder which according to the National Institute of Mental Health, “ . . . is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities” (“Types of Depression”). Looking back, even she does not know how her condition deteriorated so quickly, which shows how powerful depression is and how easily it can completely change the mind of the person experiencing it.

Major Depressive Disorder, also known as "Clinical Depression" is a psychological disorder that targets emotions of sadness and melancholy. Major depression affects an individual's ability to perform well at their job and at school. It may also affect the person's sleeping habits and eating habits (Belmaker and Agam Ph. D, 2008). For their eating habits, there have been records of MDD linked to anorexia and bulimia in adults ranging between 20%-80% in a lifetime (Fernandez-Aranda, 2007). MDD has also been correlated to patients experiencing sleep disorders, with different types of Insomnia,, such as "sleep onset Insomnia" and "sleep maintenance Insomnia" (National Sleep Foundation, 2005). Depression has been linked to substantial problems to

Major Depressive Disorder is defined as a “moderate-to-severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes” (Butcher, Hooley, & Mineka, 2014, p. 618). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is also referred to Major Depression. MDD is also “characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally. Some people may experience only a single episode within their lifetime, but more often a person may have multiple episodes” (National Instittute of Mental Health, 2014, p. 2)

According to the DSM-5, to meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), it is required that single or recurrent major depressive episodes (MDE) are present without mania and hypomania. To diagnose a patient for MDE, there must be presence of five symptoms, such as persistent low mood, insomnia or hypersomnia, anhedonia, more than 5% increment or decrement in total body weight over a month, inconclusiveness, suicidal thoughts, hypo or hyper motor activity, for at least 2 weeks for most part of the day. Furthermore, one of these five symptoms must be depressed mood or anhedonia. In DSM-5, the MDD diagnosis can be divided into 14 subcategories based on the severe depression specifiers, such as depression with psychotic features, with melancholic features, and with catatonic features (Uher, Payne, Pavlova, & Perlis, 2014). Major depression can persist for months or even years. Persistent depression can lead to other physical and mental health problems, such as substance abuse, suicidal ideations and catatonic behaviours. A patient with major depression can be treated using different treatment methods, such as pharmacological, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, interpersonal therapy and Electroconvulsive therapy. Each treatment benefits a patient struggling with depression in a different way depending on a patient’s compliance and social support. In this paper, I am going to present ECT as an effective method to decrease the symptoms related to depression,

Major Depressive Disorder is a common psychiatric disorder, with an estimated point prevalence of 4.7% of the global population. (Ebert et al., 2017) The negative consequences are profound and impact health related quality of life, workplace performance and sick days, and interpersonal relationships. The global economic toll of MDD was estimated to be $800 billion in 2010 and is rising. In the US alone, the incremental economic burden of individuals with MDD in 2010 was estimated to be $210.5 billion, with approximately half of the total incremental costs associated with the workplace. Despite evidence of the inherent harms and long-lasting effects of cognitive symptoms, MDD treatment remains primarily directed at managing mood symptoms, with

There isn’t one specific cause for these chemical imbalances, but rather a mixture of causes, such as genetic, environmental, and psychological factors that may all contribute to one’s depression (National Institute of Mental Health). If depression is prominent in one's family, family members and offspring are not guaranteed to have depression, however, they are more susceptible to develop the disorder (National Institute of Mental Health). This is an example of how genetics can influence the development of depression. Even if someone does not have the genetic makeup that is prone to depression, they can still develop the disorder due to environmental and psychological factors, such as the death of a loved one, financial stress, low self-esteem, or any other stressful situations (National Institute of Mental Health). In many cases when one is suffering from MDD, it is due to a combination of multiple factors rather than being completely due to one circumstance or the other. MDD can also be a result of hormonal changes that take place due to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and menopause

Major Depressive Disorder (Depression) is a mood disorder where a person has a constant feeling of sadness and complete loss of interest in everyday life. It is considered more serious than a case of the “blues” and might require long-term treatment. During major depressive disorder, the person thinks and behaves differently and may experience emotional and physical problems.

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that has an intense impact on the individuals social and economic mobile functioning, directly related to increased disability, absenteeism from employment, and social exclusion (Haddad & Gunn, 2011). Research suggests that mothers who are depressed have the potential to genetically predispose their children to social, cognitive impaired development; it appears as though offspring may experience heightened susceptibility to experience occurrences of depression and other mental health problems later in development (Haddad & Gunn, 2011). An individual that has MDD may experience feelings of worthlessness, and inappropriate guilt (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Feelings of hopelessness initiate an distorted view of self, this can be lethal, by way of suicidal ideations or substance misuse. Relevantly, approximately 60 percent of individuals that have committed suicide have had depression, and individuals who are younger in age that commit suicide are more likely to have alcohol use disorder (AUD) or another substance use disorder (SUD) in addition to MDD (Haddad & Gunn, 2011).

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental health diagnosis that affects roughly 3 million people in the United States alone (National Institute). It is an illness that does not discriminate against socioeconomic class, race, gender, etc. and has a biological and environmental affect. The biological component of depression involves familial history and how genetics plays an important role in depression and can increase one’s risk of developing some form of depression during their lifetime. The environmental factors of depression are situational such as financial troubles, relationship problems, loss of a

The prevalence of mental disorder has increased over recent decades and gained greater public concerns (Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Caye& Rohde, 2015). Due to no biological marker available to indicate the presence of mental disorder, words such as disease mongering, over diagnosis, over treatment are associated with the current epidemic of mental disorders (Cosgrove& Wheeler, 2013). Some people doubted the current diagnosis of mental disorder and pointed out the existence of over diagnosis (James et al., 2014). They hold the view that the psychiatrists and the pharmaceutical industry should be blame for the current ‘epidemic’ of mental disorder. Many researches and organizations are dependent on the pharmaceutical industry, which may

There are a number of psychiatric conditions that patients in a primary care setting can present with, making it essential that not only are healthcare practitioners who work in the behavioral health setting, but also those employed in the primary care setting need to be familiar with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Additionally, it is necessary to be proficient in the diagnostic criteria, common comorbidities, prevention strategies, and common screening tools that are available for use within the primary care and behavioral health settings. The following paper provides an overview of these key aspects as they relate to the psychiatric condition of major depressive disorder.

The prevalence of MDD in the United States is approximately 7%, although the prevalence varies significantly by age groups and gender (APA, 2013). For instance, the prevalence of MDD in individuals aged between 18 and 29 is three times higher than the prevalence among individuals aged 60 and older (APA, 2013). Specifically, approximately 14.8 million American adults in a given year are affected by the disorder (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, Merikangas, & Walters, 2005). The World Health Organization assessed depression as the fourth leading disorder affecting individuals worldwide (Murray, & Lopez,