Effects Of Caffeine On The United States Of America

About 80% of American adults consume 200 mg of caffeine a day. “A 12-oz. (tall) coffee from Starbucks will run you about 260 mg, while a 14-oz. Dunkin’ Donuts coffee contains 178 mg.” The daily intake of caffeine differed between products; one should always check the amount before consumption. There are no limits on how many energy drinks a person can purchase, which make it easy to abuse. Especially in younger children the addiction rate outstandingly high. Which may lead to other drug usage in the future and the committal dependence on stronger drugs.

Observing the Wisconsin Fast-Plants was a monitoring experiment, we were just observers to the natural life cycle of these plants, and we did not influence their growth in any way that would not occur naturally. We took notes and observations about each stage of

In this experiment we are testing the effect of fertilizer on the speed of plant growth. We prepared a 4 quad cell, 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. So, we had one with no fertilizer, one with three seeds of fertilizer, one with six seeds of fertilizer, and lastly, one with nine seeds of fertilizer. The plants that we grew were called Wisconsin Fast Plants, members of the crucifer family. These plants are small and easy to grow, but for optimal growth they require continuous fertilizer, water, fluorescent light, and temperature between 18 degrees Celsius and 26 degrees Celsius 24 hours a day. Fertilizers are substances that are put into soils to increase the growth of the plant. There are two different types of fertilizers, synthetic

Wisconsin Fast Plants (WFPs), or Brassica rapa, are plants in the Cruciferous family, developed through selective breeding from a strain of Himalayan weeds (Williams). WFPs have a life cycle of around forty days. This short life cycle makes WFPs valuable for laboratory study. In addition, WFPs are simple to grow, as they only need water and a light source to survive (Williams). Their simple needs, allowing ease in controlling variables, make WFPs ideal for use in experiments.

The Wisconsin fast plant also known as the Brassica rapa belongs to the crucifer family of plants, closely related to cabbages, turnips, broccoli and other vegetables. Brassica rapa plants are used because they are viewed as model organism, a species that has been widely studied and can be breed in a laboratory. It is an ideal model organism because it has a short growing process. About 2 weeks after the plant is planted it will began flowering, possessing the ability to produce seeds at high planting density, is categorized as a petite plant size, and lastly has the ability to grow under continuous fluorescent lighting in a standard potting mix. This plants make it easy to track the genetic information passed from generation to generation

The scientific name for wisconsin fast plants is, Brassica rapa. The name of the division they are in is Tracheophyta. They are part of the family called crucifers. They are also distinguished by flowers in four petals in the shape of a cross. The Wisconsin fast plant produces harvestable seeds in approximately forty days. Wisconsin fast plants are part of the Turnips and radishes food group. Acid rain breaks down the nutrients in the soil that plants need.

Wisconsin Fast Plants are known to be great educational tools for classroom experiments. They germinate quickly and are easy to take care of. These plants germinate after 1 or two days and have a life span of about 30 to 40 days. (Marin and Terrana, 2004).

At the start of this experiment we were required to obtain a set of four Wisconsin Fast Plants, which are genetically, known as Brassica rapa. These plants have been, “originally selected under continuous fluorescent light to grow and reproduce quickly for research purposes, these petite, fast-growing plants have been used for teaching biology concepts” (Wisconsin Fast Plants). These four pots that contain our plants will be under our watch for the next 16 weeks where we will show our results at the end of the semester.

Throughout this experiment, we are researching the effect on the growth and survival of Wisconsin Fast Plants using fertilizer pellets to help with the growth of the plants. Wisconsin Fast Plants is a plant member of the crucifer family which is related to other plants (vegetables) such as cabbage, broccoli, turnips, etc. This plants are small and can grow very easily because they go through their cell cycle around 40 days. Wisconsin Fast Plants Fertilizers are different materials used that can provide plants with the nutrients it need to grow. (1) These plants are a good model system to study because they grew very quickly and didn’t need a lot of resources to grow making them the perfect plant to use for studies. (4) By using the fertilizers,

Stage eight occurs on days eighteen through twenty. During this time, seed pods will develop. The final stage is stage nine, which occurs on days twenty-one to forty. This will be when the Fast Plant begins to wilt and die, and its seed pods will begin to become dry and eventually and await planting. Then the entire life cycle will begin all over again.

Caffeine is a psychoactive drug and potentially deadly in large amounts, especially for adolescents (Hershorin, Lipschulz, Schaechter & Seifert, 2011). Caffeine is one the most common energy drink ingredients and one of the most widely consumed substances in the world. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), caffeine is a chemical stimulant compound found in various plants that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is produced naturally and artificially. Caffeine is found mainly in coffee, tea, soda, chocolate, energy drinks and some over-the-counter medications. Due to the increasing demands placed on teenagers today, caffeine is becoming more prevalent in adolescents. While the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends children have no more than 100 mg of caffeine a day due to unknown medical conditions, the fact a teenager’s brain is still in a developmental stage, and the importance sleep plays in the developing brain. Table 1, shows the amount of caffeine for the energy drinks in this report. (Note-this does not include the caffeine from blend ingredients)

Some energy drinks contain up to 400 milligrams of caffeine per serving, coffee contains 100-150 milligrams in an average cup of coffee. Dr. Steven Lipshultz, the pediatrician-in-chief at Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit and his colleagues analyzed data from the American Association of Poison Control Center’s National Poison Data System. They studied data from October 2010 to September 2013, in this time period over 10,000 cases of energy drink exposure, more than 40 percent involved children under 6 years old. Lipshultz said, “Poisoning by caffeine can occur at levels higher than 400 mg a day in adults, and above 100 mg a day in teens. For children under 12, 2.5 milligrams per every 2.2 pounds of body weight can be a danger,”(Doheny).

The average daily consumption of caffeine is 165 mg. Most of that comes from coffee. Most people get about 105 mg of caffeine from coffee. This is about one 8 ounce cup of coffee. Brewed coffee contains between 95 and 165 mg of caffeine per 8 ounce cup.

Ever stay up late studying for a test or exam and wake up exhausted? Or just experienced a long day and need an extra boost? Many people believe caffeine is the answer to anyone’s drained state of being. Healthline.com explains that, “Caffeine reaches your brain quickly and acts as a central nervous system stimulant.” Caffeine is commonly referred to the most widely used drug on the planet, so the next question is which caffeine-filled product is the most efficient? It is widely debated whether energy drinks or coffee can provide the best balance of caffeine, flavor, and other ingredients, but after researching, I have come to conclude coffee is superlative in all aspects.

A study by statisticbrain.com showed that 54% of Americans over the age of 18 drank an average cup size being 9 ounces coffee every day. Coffee consumption has been dated to 10th century Ethiopia, and since then it has evolved alongside the technology of each era. With the introduction of the espresso machine during the French Revolution, more people started to create and mix their coffee into different drinks, ranging from cappuccinos to cocktails. As we know, coffee naturally produces caffeine. During the early 1900’s people wanted to enjoy their coffee flavored drinks but didn’t want the caffeine addiction that came with it. For this reason and motivated by the belief that caffeine had poisoned his father, Ludwig Roselius invented the first commercially successful decaffeination process in 1903. He patented the process by 1906; it was later discovered