Effects Of Decolonization

Social Upheaval and Low Self Worth was another one of the major impacts of the European commercial activities on West Africa. As a result of the slave trade through raids and trade, there is no doubt concerning the social ills that plagued Western Africa. Many Africans were betrayed by their own political leaders

From 1945 and beyond, leaders have selected different paths to affect change. Some encouraged independence through violence, peaceful actions, diplomacy, and the commitment of their struggling nation. Others sparked revolutions by appealing to the peoples’ needs. Through policy, and sometimes uniting a people, trailblazers changed the face and structure of their nation. A column from a journalist during the time period would help to see a broader perspective during such varying and exciting time. Decolonization, revolution, and nation building are all goals of any effective leader willing to make a change.

Africa faced many serious negative consequences because of imperialism. The resolution of the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana in 1958 said, “...Whereas fundamental human rights… freedom to live a full and abundant life… are denied to Africans through the activities of the Imperialists,” (Document 3). This resolution said that human rights, which are rights entitled to all humans regardless of any difference, were taken away. Because of this, the Africans were made to feel inferior which is not healthy for people and can cause serious consequences like the Africans assimilating to the European culture instead of preserving their rich, diverse culture. Sekou Toure, an African nationalist, had similar ideas, he said, “Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material… with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization,” (Document 2). So as well as the Africans being stripped of their basic rights

The Soviet Union believed that African societies could progress considerably if only they would steer away from Western influence and maneuver themselves towards Soviet ideologies. Moreover, the Soviet Union would eventually collapse, paving the way for Western aid and free-market ideas to spread throughout Africa. New theories influenced Africans to demand a democratic system. A system that would allow for freedom of speech, and a multi-party system. However, positive results were minimal. As not all countries were able to acquire prosperity, and poverty still

The decolonization of West Africa and Southeast Asia are similar in that the two regions won independence from the same nations and the time period of gained autonomy was the same. Colonization is the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area. Decolonization is the act of getting rid of a foreign nation’s presence in a colony. West Africa and Southeast Asia were popular regions to colonize to exploit the resources available in these regions, such as rubber and spices in Southeast Asia and gold and timber in West Africa. Most countries that colonized the two regions were Weste European super powers, mainly France, England, and the Netherlands. These nations could

There was no one process of decolonization. In some areas, it was peaceful, and orderly. In many others, independence was achieved only after a protracted revolution. A few newly independent countries acquired stable governments almost immediately; others were ruled by dictators or military juntas for decades, or endured long civil wars. Some European governments welcomed a new relationship with their former colonies; others contested decolonization militarily. The process of decolonization coincided with the new Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, and with the early development of the new United Nations. Decolonization was often affected by superpower competition, and had a definite impact on the evolution of that competition.

The process of decolonization in Africa was a long and tedious battle between the imperial powers and the Africans. After World War II ended there were an independence movements around the world, especially in Africa. Africans were determined and motivated to gain back their independence after being under European rule for years. During this period of decolonization in Africa there was an emergence of nationalism among the African people. This time is history is considered the second wave of African Nationalism. The African people had the desire to win back their independence and had the self-determination to governor themselves. African leaders such as, Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, and Julius Nyerer gained tremendous support and a following in the fight for freedom. Decolonization for some countries came relatively peacefully, such as Nigeria and Ghana. Unfortunately for another countries it was a bloody battle for them to achieve their independence, such as Algeria, Mozambique, Angola, Kenya, and South Africa. The ideology of Africa being an independent continent was a wide spread desire for the people of Africa. They were willing to go to any length to achieve freedom and change. The African people felt they had nothing else to loose, since everything was already taken from them when the imperial powers colonized their countries.

From World War I most upper class Africans remained supportive to their colonial rulers mainly the British. Most Europeans gave the rights of local authority to traditional African rulers as a trade-off for the Europeans to use their their lands for men and resources. After the horrors of a second world war the colonies had changed their perspectives on their colonizers. The war disrupted colonial life due to the recruitment of soldiers and the thousands who lost their lives. A shortage of laborers and the interruption of export crops further weakened the economy. The failure of Europeans after the war to keep promises of further reform led to the desire for the colonies to be free from their European rulers.

In the second half of the twentieth century, started a process of decolonization, first in Asia and then in Africa. In 1949, India was one of the first country to gain its independence, followed by Burma, Malaysia, and Ceylon. In Africa the decolonization started a few years later, first in Libya and Egypt, and in the rest of the continent afterwards. The main colonists were the Great Britain and France. The history has shown that Great Britain succeeded to decolonize generally in peace while France had much more problems to give up its colonies, which led to numerous conflicts opposing the colonists and the colonized. It has been the case especially in Algeria where a murderous war lasted almost eight years. The philosopher Frantz Fanon

Africa faced colonization and imperialism. In opposition to imperialism, there were many peaceful movements that happened in Africa and the Middle East. For example, in 1911 there was a peaceful Chinese rebellion. The rebellion started because of the government's decision to nationalize the

Decolonization as a historical noun, which indicates that the against of colonialism in the colonies. The term of decolonization, especially connected with the colonies that established before the First World War and gained the independence after the Second World War. Furthermore, decolonization can be regarded as a series of movements or activities, and it can be explained as the calculated process of military field and the diplomatic negotiation between the colonial countries and the anti-colonial countries. In the twentieth century, the wave of decolonization appeared in a lot of colonies. Robert Delavignette who was the French colonial administrator once wrote that the colonial people ‘shot up like volcanic lava’, and this dramatic sentence

The decolonization happened in Southeast Asia especially in Indochina. After World War II, the people of Indochina wanted their independence from France who had control of Indochina since the

Decolonization in this paper specifically refers to the dismantling of the economic and political relations between the colonies and their colonizers and in this sense the independence achieved by African, Asian, Island territories following the Second World War. When it comes to the process of decolonization there was no one set method. In some post World War II areas decolonization was peaceful and orderly, however for some other areas of the world independence was only achieved through violent revolution. Some countries were able to enter into governments with relative ease and they had relatively stable governments from the birth of their nation while others were unfortunately subjected to more bloodshed through the rule of military leaders or unstable governments riddled with corruption, incessant coups or lengthy civil wars. Much of the determining factors in these newly formed governments potential success was the process in which they achieved their independence and the relationship they had with their former colonizer and the international community at large. For Africa which was largely colonized by the British Empire, and later dismantled suggests that intense African nationalism in conjunction with international backlash for imperialism.

Decolonization in the British Empire is a deliberate process involving the colonial power and emerging local elite. The discussions in Chapters 1 and 2 provide insights into colonial development and the pre-independence environment which provide context for answering the research questions and testing the hypotheses. This chapter examines the first question- why do some newly sovereign states retain ties with the JCPC? Based on my theory that states chose the final appellant court it expects to be a reliable partner in the new governing coalition. The emerging elite that form the coalition are influence by the colonial experience of colony. For the purposes of this research the U.K.’s Westminster Act of 1931 or the official year of independence is considered the critical juncture. The Westminster Act gives the Dominions- Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, the option to abolish appeals to the JCPC. The critical juncture for all other states is the year of independence starting with India and Sri Lanka in 1948 to the most recent, Brunei, in 1984.

Decolonization, as one of the most significant movements throughout the twentieth century, has always been debated between the colonizers and colonized under certain historical circumstances. M.K Gandhi, Aimé Césaire, and Frantz Fanon, as the avant-gardes of decolonization movement, addressed their ideologies on the relationship between European colonists and colonial states, and their views on the process of gaining national freedom. Nevertheless, as Fanon defined in the article “On Violence” from his book “The Wretched of the Earth”, decolonization is a historical process which can only be understood and self coherent under certain history background. Hence, since they were in different colonial situations, their perspectives vary. As