Effects Of Diabetes On The Incidence Of Diabetes

In 2002, among adults, there was an estimated 8.7% prevalence of diabetes. However, rather than there being a prevalence of the disease in the population as a whole, it was found more in specific population subgroups, such as the homeless population. There are certain risk factors these subgroups have that are either associated with diabetes or directly cause it. There is never a 100% correlation of development of diabetes

Sociocultural determinants such as family, peers, media, religion and culture have an impact on the risk of diabetes. Media can have a negative and positive impact on individuals and their risk of diabetes. Media influences people's behaviours towards their diet (unhealthy diet because of fast food advertising). Fast food advertising has proven to increase Australia’s obesity as it encourages unhealthy food intake. Fast food advertising and other unhealthy food advertising is a contributing factor to the growing level of obesity (2 in 3 Australian adults are obese). Overweight people and people who consume a diet high in sugar and fat are at more risk of diabetes. Stress eating, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diets are contributing factors to obesity. Obesity leads to high blood pressure and high cholesterol, which will raise the chances of developing diabetes by a lot (on top of physical inactivity- one of the main contributing factors to becoming obese).

Diabetes is a disorder that is formed by high blood glucose. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause for death in the United States. It occurs most often in adults, but it’s one of the most chronic disorders in children. Individuals suffering from hyperglycemia have low production of insulin. American Diabetes Association is trying to prevent and cure diabetes and improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes.

Diabetes is a disease that can lead to heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure, nerve damage, or blindness (Turkoski, 2006). It not only costs many individuals their lives, but it also causes untold emotional and physical problems for people with diabetes and their families. In addition, the cost of care associated with diabetes and the associated complications exceeds $132 billion annually.

Type-2 diabetes is a concerning even more, its an increasing issue in our New Zealand community. In 2006 the Ministry of Social Development surveyed a sample of male, female adults and children to see what percentage of them were classified as obese. In 2006-2007 at least 25% of the sample of adults were classified as obese whereas 6-8% of children were also classified. By 2013/2014 there was a 3.3 percentage increase in male samples and a 2.8 percent increase in the female sample of classified obesity. The sample of children all together increased by 8.0-8.8 percent. This shows us that gradually the communities classified obesity rate is increasing. Obesity is found to be a link to increasing the risk of developing type-2 diabetes. 90% of diabetic patients are classified as obese. It is evident that as the obesity rate has raised in New Zealand so has the risk of type-2 diabetes.

Almost everyone knows someone diagnosed with Diabetes. Diabetes is a growing epidemic in New Zealand which affects thousands of our adults and children. It is known that the population of people living in poorer neighbours are two times more likely to have diabetes than people in wealthier neighbourhoods. With healthcare costs on the fast track to be in the billions by 2021, this fact could become much more of a problem. Communities need to be educated about Diabetes early to ensure that people can deal with it before it is too late. This essay will explore Type 2 Diabetes; the issues it causes, the scientific biology behind it and to find out if insulin injection really is the best method in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

According to the Black Report, the definition of culture is reduced to a set of specific behaviours which have consequences for health. These behaviours, which are well known and typically comprise smoking, drinking, diet and exercise, were regarded as ‘cultural’ because of the common understanding that they are, or should be, within the control of individuals. There is no disputing the aetiological significance of behaviours like smoking or diet for subsequent morbidity and mortality, nor that these behaviours are socially patterned. In Britain, for example, smoking among adults continues to be much more prevalent among working class compared with middle class people, in some measure because of the greater capacity of the latter to quit the habit. Successive studies of diet, too, have revealed a pattern of poorer nutrition among both children and adults from lower social class backgrounds. The important question, however, concerns the extent to which such behaviours constitute a complete explanation of health inequalities

In this case, most individuals who are afflicted with this disease are between the ages of forty to sixty, which may be a result of certain social determinants. There are five main social determinants that influence the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The first socio-ecological determinant is culture and community support, which pertains to the individual’s culture and how they view T2DM (Clark & Utz, 2014). Often, in this age group, if the community does not provide support and if there is a negative culture perception of the disease, there will not be a high number of individuals that partake in self-care for T2DM. Another factor is access to medical care, which implies that if people do not have access to care, he or she will not be able to screen for T2DM, or receive treatment to control the disease (Clark & Utz, 2014). Education is a crucial factor, since there is a direct link between educational attainment and improved health outcomes (Clark & Utz, 2014). In this age group, if individuals are uneducated about the disease, they are most likely unaware of the risk factors and treatment options for T2DM. Another factor is economic stability, which has a direct correlation with health outcomes (Clark & Utz, 2014). Thus, if a person is of higher socio-economic status, he, or she in this age group, is more likely to obtain medical

The idea of recognizing fatness as one of the major factors causing diabetes has spread widely throughout different societies; however, within this context, there have been numerous gaps that could have been filled by taking the role of essential factors like genetics and family history into account. Instead, the stigma coming from the state of power in the society dictates that it is the physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and over nutrition which inevitably cause diabetes. Also, diabetes could happen to people in different range of age even in people who are considered healthy. As Darlene McNaughton mentions in her article, the so-called linkage between state of being fat and having diabetes demonstrate the evidence in an over-exaggerated way and in the same time devalue the significance and intricacy of this problem which is turning into a crisis in public health (2013, 81).

Research has shown that one of the risk factors of Type II diabetics among this population is sedentary life style and unhealthy eating habits food rich in high calories, saturated fats, and carbohydrates (Ayach & Korda, 2010). These changes in life style in turn cause obesity which

Diabetes is a disease from which numerous other health complications can arise. In their article, “Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease: A Risk Factor for the Global Epidemic,” Chilha, Njeim, & Chedrawy (2012) state that diabetes can lead to a plethora of various other illnesses. These diseases not only affect the United States as a whole, but developing countries as well (Chilha et al., 2012, pp. 697,240). Developing countries have had increasing cases of diabetes that have led to a number of other health complications including hypertension, a disease that is characterized by an increase in arterial blood pressure. Haffner and colleagues discuss in their article, “Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes And In Non-Diabetic Subjects With and Without Prior Myocardial Infarction,” if diabetic patients who have not had a myocardial Infarction (MI) should be aggressively treated for cardiovascular risk factors as with non-diabetic patients who have had an MI . This supports that diabetes does indeed lead to an increased risk for coronary heart disease. Lakka et al. (2002) also support this claim in their work titled, “The Metabolic Syndrome and Total and Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-aged Men.” Each work analyzes diabetes and its associated health complications in different ways using experimental and statistical data. However, all come to the common conclusion that diabetes does increase one’s risk for developing coronary heart disease. Certain

Observational epidemiology is a study of disease where “the investigator ascertains exposure and outcome without assignment to an intervention” Observational studies have made important contributions to the knowledge and understanding of health-related conditions. These studies usually involve a large group of individuals as in a community. The purpose of this type of study is to determine the

The rate of diabetes is growing rapidly because people are getting into the habit of eating sugary foods at a young age. According to Rosemary Ferguson, a nutritionist, in the past 15 years the numbers of Americans diagnosed with diabetes has doubled to an estimate of 23.6 million. Since 2012, around 31.8 percent of children have been diagnosed either overweight or obese (“Obesity Rates &….”). Where students are getting unhealthy food is mostly in their school’s vending machines. It’s hard enough for parents to guide their children’s food choices, and it is impossible if the schools are peddling junk food throughout the day (“School Vending Machine….”). Instead of a vending machine that has sugary snacks and sodas, schools should decrease the availability of sweets. One of the reasons why students are getting into the habit of eating junk food is because parents are not telling them no. Students buy these sugary snacks from vending machines daily because there are few healthier choices. Schools should increase those better choices, such as fruits, vegetables, and drinks with less sugar. Starting at a young age, if children don’t take care of how much sugary food they are eating, their chances of having diabetes will grow even more.

The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2016) reports diabetes mellitus (DM) around the world has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The global prevalence over the age of 18 has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. The number of new cases in 2012 for people over the age of twenty in America was 1.7 million, and 29.1 million of the population living with diabetes and 27.8% undiagnosed (National Diabetes Statistics Report 2014, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). That is 1 in 11 of the world’s population who are living with diabetes and 47% of adults undiagnosed (Diabetes Australia, 2015). According to self-reported data, (Australian Bureau of Statistics ABS 2011/2012) survey has been used to estimate the national prevalence of type II diabetes in Australia. An estimated 849,000 Australians over the age of eighteen, self-reported that they had type II diabetes, this corresponds for 5% of the Australian adult population. The prevalence of type II among Australian adults was higher in men (5%) more than women (4%) and the rate of diabetes increases with age. The incidence in Australia, (The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014) has stated that there is no reliable national data available to estimate the overall incidence of diabetes mellitus. It is difficult to capture as many new cases are recorded after the condition has started, remained undiagnosed or they do not require insulin

“More than 18.2 million people (or 6.3 percent of the population) in the United States have diabetes” (Palo Alto Foundation). Considering all the disadvantages and health risks associated with diabetes, it is essential that we find healthy and more natural ways of battling such an illness. One way that is becoming more and more prevalent in the United States is the research and usage of herbal oils and medicines in regards to diabetes. Herbs provide a more natural approach to healing rather than continuous consumption of processed pharmaceuticals prescribed by doctors. Pharmaceuticals contain ingredients that may although directly help the disease it is prescribed for, could possibly do damage to other parts of the body