Effects Of Discrimination And Minority Stress

Those that study racial discrimination over mixed races tend to find that those individual usually do not have another mixed race relative or friend that can relate to the same situation as them. But psychologists believe that it’s best for individuals to seek help from those that are of mixed race if they have been discriminated against. But to also know that they are not alone. “Adolescents who do not have a stable racial identity show lower self-esteem,” says Astrea Greig, a Psychological Doctor that meets with multi and mono-racial young adults (and children) over substance abuse and perceived discrimination. And this being a stable racial identity, occurs when individuals either young or old, have been discriminated or brought down emotionally and psychologically over being mixed-race (or even mono-racial) that they are depressed/ashamed over the fact that they are mixed. This striking a fairly large problem, it’s best to find a biracial-multiracial, referring from what was mentioned earlier, to help when problems such as discrimination occur. It’s best not going through such as thing alone and is better when someone has a support

This paper serves as a personal reflection of the implication of racial microaggressions in daily life. Three journal articles and a book chapter are explored in an effort to obtain a greater understanding of the effects of racial microaggressions experienced by people of color and to bring light to how often racial microaggressions are committed by White Americans without notice or accompanied by attempts to explain away the offenses. The sources used provide examples of obvious acts of discrimination as well as subtle microaggressions which are often unconsciously or naively perpetrated and go on to offer recommendations for professional counselors in order to both provide a framework for helping clients of color to cope with encounters of microaggressions and highlight the need of awareness of possible racial microaggressions present during counselor-client interactions which may result in negative impacts on the therapeutic process. Racial microaggressions are broken down into subcategories of microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations, providing a deeper explanation of my own experiences with such discriminatory actions. This ultimately leads to a decision of continuation of training with a necessary focus on increasing mindfulness and field experiences in respect to the subject of racial microaggressive behaviors and attitudes.

People have been stereotyped into a certain group because of their skin color or they have been discriminated against because of how they dress, their name, or even their hairstyle. Minorities such as African Americans deal with this type of racial discrimination every day because of their skin color and the way they might sound despite if they do not sound as the way they appear. For example, if an African American person walked into an interview dressed nicely and clean and a caucasian went in for an interview dressed just as nice and clean, the Caucasian application is more likely to get the job and receive a higher rating than the African American applicant. (Zimmerman) It might seem to the naked eye that minorities in general somewhat have the same opportunities as Caucasian people but in fact they do not really have them. All in all, there is still racial discrimination in America and African Americans do not have the same opportunities as Caucasians in housing, education, and jobs.

Along with that, racial identity is another big contributor to the degradation of African American’s youth mental health, as a weak racial identity results in poorly mishandled ways of coping with racism and stress. African American students as early as middle school engage in introspection of their racial identity, where they begin to discover who they are and the negative stereotypes surrounding their identity (Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, 2007, p.256). The results of a study of 297 African American adolescents by McCreary, Slavin, and Berry found that a strong pride in racial identity was important in handling stress in a positive manner and decreasing poor mental health (Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, 2007, p.256). Students were less likely to internalize negative racial stereotypes that devalue their worth and build resistance towards it. If not, students were more susceptible to succumbing to stereotype threat, racial bias, and a negative self-fulfilling prophecy that could alter their well-being and threaten their mental health. Chronic exposure to this can severely damage African Americans adolescents’ mental health, which is evident by their mental withdrawal in school and loss of interest or motivation to achieve academic success.

African Americans experience specific events of danger related to race that overwhelm the nervous system and require us to recover. These dangers may be real or perceived discrimination, threats of harm and injury, police incidents, and humiliating and shaming events. The aggressors may be black or white. These events stand out in our memory and have long-term impact on our perception of ourselves and our social environments. As mentioned in the previous discussion, some African Americans are stronger after recovering from these events, and others have long-term declines in their ability to cope with future stresses and threats.

Sexism, homonegativity, and discrimination towards other sexual and/or gender minorities are alive and prevalent in our society. Microaggressions have a significant impact on members of the LGBT population. Many experience harassment and discrimination in the workplace and educational institutions. When the transgender population is discussed, it is found that microaggressions are associated with an increased suicide risk. Women also experience gender discrimination in educational institutions.

According to Franklin et al., (2006) Race-related stress is an outcome of perceived that can cause emotional abuse and psychological trauma. The stress, emotional abuse, and

The effects of racial microaggression are gaining more attention in both theory-based psychology literature, as well as empirically based applied research. The growth of awareness of the effects of racial microaggression is of utmost importance because these variegated communications of racial injustices were once thought to be incalculable. However, more research is being conducted and new facets of measurability of such racial microaggressions are being published and used as educational sources to understand racial microaggression and its effects on persons of color. The advancement of research on racial microaggressions is also a helpful resource to train White counselors to be more aware of their own expressions of racial microaggressions and how to eliminate such injustice towards their clients of color. While Sue et al. (2007) discuss the dynamics, need for awareness, and detrimental clinical effects of such microaggressions; Torres-Harding and Turner (2015) gathered data using the Racial Microaggression Scale (RMAS) distress subscales, “which measure the perceived

The Native Americans peoples are one of the biggest examples of the struggles through the power and discrimination imposed by the Europeans. Instead of going further to a part of the land that was less occupied, they would subject the natives to either submit to them or die, if no diplomacy was in the table. They discriminated the natives because they looked and behaved differently, and certainly the natives could feel the same way about the Europeans, but most likely in less malicious and hateful way.

The impact on minorities due to inequality
Introduction 
During the course of this class I have learned about social problems within the society in which we live and around the world. It is disturbing to learn that poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization are among the social problems and controversial issues that still exist in the United States.

Discrimination is nothing new to our society or is it something that should be taken lightly and for many decades our Nation has endured many conflicts that have tested the will of Americans over the decades and it is evident that as we have become more diverse so too has our workforce. Although, we are in the twenty first century the goal is to understand why prejudice and discrimination is still so prevalent and how we can do better while trying to bring together our different backgrounds, skills, and experiences still has proven to be an issue that minorities are constantly fighting as they struggle to find there place in society. Through an array of well-educated researchers showing how diversity is nothing new to our society, but if we are to continue to grow and move forward we must be able to understand that with diversification we can foster a strong and inclusive economy that is built to last and nurture a nation that will continue to lead the world as standard setter.

With all of the advances in modern society and human behavior, racism is still a crisis that many people have to cope with. It can occur at any place or at any time, including in the workplace. Racial discrimination arises when someone is treated differently based on their actual or perceived race. Many people believe that if one were to be in the vicinity of a respected workplace that they would be respected by all co-workers and employers; this is in no way true. A big amount of minority employees, mainly African-Americans, are affected by racial discrimination in the workplace whether it’s from their employers or their fellow co-workers, and it is not at all acceptable. Racial discrimination is a situation that has always been a problem, so we must show an effort to try to eliminate it from our society.

Minority stress is described as the unique stressors which are experienced among sexual minorities, this stress has a significant impact on the mental health and well-being of this population. Sexual minorities may be defined here as individuals who self-identify with a sexual orientation that deviates of the normative orientation of heterosexuality. One minority stressor, internalized heterosexism also known as internalized homophobia, refers to incorporating stigma against sexual minorities into one’s self-concept as a product of social rejection or condemnation of a sexual minority identity (Puckett 2017; Meyer 2003). This concept builds on the stigma and stress literature, and focuses on the stresses experienced particularly among sexual minorities and other minority groups.

Minority groups in society have faced prejudice and discrimination throughout history and they continue to face it today. Religion and government have immense power to dictate what is seen as “correct behavior” in society. Furthermore, it is when minority groups infringe on these beliefs, that they can face this extreme prejudice and discrimination. Minority groups who have faced these adversities include First Nations and LGBTQ+ groups. Two stories that show the adversities that these groups face are A Word From the Nearly Distant Past by David Levithan and Totem by Thomas King.

Nevertheless, this process profoundly differs among Latino and African-American it is based on white middle-class gay participants (Lewis and Marshall 2011; Bridges, Selvidge, & Matthews 2003). The unique stressors that Latinos and African-Americans face on a daily basis have serious implication in their mental health (Loiacano 1989).