Effects Of Exposure Of Females To Androgen Agonists

and fallopian tubes. Estrogen also stimulates the growth of the external female genitalia and breasts. Fat distribution in the female is also controlled by estrogen. The non-reproductive functions of estrogen include reduction of LDL (bad cholesterol) and an increase in HDL (good cholesterol). Estrogen also preserves bone strength by slowing down cells involved in bone break down. Estrogen concentrations in the body decrease post menopause which is why women suffer from osteoporosis later in life (Parl, 2000). Estrogen utilizes a positive feedback loop by increasing the production of gonadotropin releasing hormone in the hypothalamus which then increases the release of FSH and lutenizing hormone. This increase in FSH and LH prepare the uterus

Hormone substitution treatment can be characterized as supplanting the common hormones, for example, estrogen and progesterone with artificially made hormones. Hormone swap treatment is an aid for ladies who encounter the nightmarish side effects of menopause. The advantages of HRT are numerous. They incorporate a rest from hot flushes, a sleeping disorder and vaginal dryness. It has likewise been found that it can counteract illnesses like Alzheimer's sickness, colon tumor and solid degeneration or loss of motion.

B. With the use of Steroids for men, the effects can be quite scary. WebMD.com states “Men who take anabolic steroids may: Develop breasts, Get painful erections, Have their testicles shrink, and have decreased sperm count.

For example, steroid abuse can cause mood swings, fatigue, loss of appetite, restlessness, insomnia, reduced sex drive, jaundice, and steroid cravings that lead to its continued abuse (National Institute on Drug Abuse). For men specifically, continued steroid use leads to "shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, baldness, development of breasts, [and] increased risk for prostate cancer" (National Institute on Drug Abuse). For women, continued use leads to "growth of facial hair, male pattern baldness, changes in or cessation of the menstrual cycle, enlargement of the clitoris, [and] deepened voice" (National Institute on Drug Abuse). In addition to the aforementioned effects, stunted growth and premature puberty have been widely reported in adolescents (Zundel).

There has been conflicting research and advice about the safety of hormones with the increase in the aging female population within the last twenty years (National Institute on Aging). Hormone therapy has demonstrated to be the most effective FDA approved medication in the relief of menopausal symptoms, but these benefits must be weighed against serious adverse effects that hormones can cause. Although many women differ in their response to hormone products, MHT has been universally linked to an increased risk of heart disease, heart attack, blood clots, and strokes. Concerns about the findings discovered in the clinical and observation trials performed on MHT, have left some doctors and women hesitant in utilizing MHT to combat menopausal

During estrogen-induced LH surge trilostane inhibited the amount of LH hormone in the blood. Trilostane blocks the synthesis of progesterone which means that animals treated with this can not produce progesterone. This means that although estrogen is available, progesterone and estrogen is need for an LH surge to occur. Female progesterone levels are highest in the hypothalamus. This means that progesterone can be made in the brain and is made in various parts of the brain. Although progesterone is made in other regions of the brain, estrogen-induced progesterone are located in the hypothalamus. Since progesterone levels where the highest in the hypothalamus, this means that estrogen is needed to turn on the receptor which also stimulate the production of progesterone and thus LH hormone to be released which then lead to ovulation. The author did not over interpret their result because the discussion connect the results back to their initial study and how the LH occurs in

progestin to, “prevent a woman 's ovary from releasing an egg during her menstrual cycle, which

     In this paper I will be focusing on the positive and negative aspects of hormonal replacement therapy. To understand replacement therapy we first need to look at what occurs in a women’s body during menopause. As a woman is my 40’s like so many others, I will be in need of this information in the not so distant future, and as such this topic serves a considerable purpose. Awareness and education in this area can alleviate problems and make what could be a traumatic experience more manageable thereby raising the quality of ones life. Hopefully, women today will no longer have to

2. That is actually false. HRT does have long-term effects such as breast cancer ( http://www.cancer-network.org/media/pdf/Trans_people_and_cancer.pdf ) and HIV ( http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055329009001009 ), and even as you say, "you have to be taking them for a while for the effects to present themselves." hints at that if you do not take them "for a while" it is just a phase and just because the effects do not show does not mean they are not present.

Estrogen and progesterone are hormones generated by the ovaries. These hormones have a variety of fundamental uses in the body of a female. Estrogen initiates thickening of the uterus wall in preparation for implantation of a fertilized ovum. Also, estrogen plays a role in the metabolism of calcium in the body. Apart from these two roles, estrogen also participates in the maintenance of cholesterol levels within the normal limits. Estrogen is also implicated in keeping the vagina healthy. Progesterone, on the other hand, acts as a regulatory substance to estrogen. Menopause is characterized by a reduction in production of these hormones. This decline in production correlates with a decline in performance of

A woman's body goes through a lot of changes after her period stops completely. The hormone levels in the body start to drop to a much lower amount. The woman starts to experience those changes which might include hot flashes and a number of other menopausal symptoms. Hormonal replacement treatments are used to end the problems that the menopausal woman complains about. Generally, the hormone replacement treatment consist of estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is a very important hormone that helps keep bones strong. Progesterone is generally combined with estrogen to form an effective hormone replacement treatment for the menopausal woman.

He further adds that abuse of anabolic steroids causes higher physiological concentrations of testosterone and testosterone derivatives that can adversely affect hormonal balance in the reproductive system. This can further extend to severe implications on the user’s social, reproductive and psychological wellbeing. Consequently, adverse side effects associated with abuse of steroids continue to jeopardize the health of a significant proportion of our society (Yavari, 2009),

Estrogen treatment: Estrogen-related drugs are sometimes used in hormonal therapy of men with prostate cancer. This treatment may cause a slight increase in breast cancer risk. However, this risk is small compared with the benefits of this treatment in slowing the growth of prostate cancer. Men taking high doses of

Hormones just like estrogen and insulin are chemical messengers that affect different aspects of the individual’s health while moving around the body and through the bloodstream. Hormone imbalance is a source of many side effects that include low libido, fatigue, insomnia, depression infertility, weight gain and hair thinning. Gland and organs such as ovaries, testicles, pancreas, pituitary glands, thyroid, and adrenals regulate the primary production of hormones, and a slight imbalance can lead to adverse health effects. The first step for one to take in order to avoid this problem is taking a hormone balancing diet.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome occurs due to a mutation in the gene coding for androgen receptors. Faulty receptors leads to a reduced response to testosterone, causing XY males to manifest female physical traits. This provokes the question: Does the opposite phenomenon, androgen hypersensitivity syndrome, also exist? Such phenomenon could hypothetically occur due to overexpression of the androgen receptor gene, leading to greater number of receptors and more potent androgen response. If this phenomenon does exist, there could be many possibilities of altered organizational and activational behaviours. For instance, potentiated androgen response could mean earlier and rapid puberty in males that is, quicker growth of facial hair and a deepening