Effects Of Inbreeding On Royal Families

During the late 1970s, one teacher questioned the role of the queen in ancient Egyptian art. The author Nancy Luomala from the article “Matrilineal Reinterpretation of Some Egyptian Sacred Cows,” contemplated on the ancient Egyptian power, and the matrimonial decline that men were able to acquire the position of Pharaoh. Luomala speculates that "the Great Egyptian Wife made whomever she married into a living king, whether brother or commoner "(Luomala pg.30). (THESIS???)

Euripides’ play Medea reveals that the gods are inextricably connected to the fates of mortals. The patriarchal structure of marriage, which is determined by the gods,

Allison Glazebrook and Kelly Olson’s chapter, “Greek and Roman Marriage" the authors discuss marriage practices in Ancient Greece and Rome and highlight the importance of wives in a family structure and society. They do so by looking at what was required for a legitimate marriage over the course of these civilizations’ history. In both cultures, Glazebrook and Olson especially look at how women and girls’ bodies were policed and defined. From an early age, girls were taught that their role in life would be remain sexually available to their husbands and produce heirs. From a modern perspective, girls in ancient civilizations married extremely young. However, this chapter address the “scientific” justification society gave to promote this practice

One of the major factors of their religious belief was fertility and procreation. Besides the kind, in marriage Egyptians were expected to be monogamous in their relationships. Marriage in ancient Egypt was an arrangement of property. Once married, the women would become pregnant because the tradition, due to religion, was to have a large family. According to Douglas J. Brewer, "Like so many other aspects of Egyptian culture, senet had a religious significance, and the game was likened to passing through the underworld" (Brewer).

Marriage is undeniably effective for some things such as procreation and rearing those produced children.Ê Biologically, all creatures need heterosexual union of some kind to continue their species, but this union need not be a required social construct.Ê In ancient and classical Greece, as well as in much of the world today, marriage is a social expectation.Ê Elders encourage young men to choose their even younger wives at the expected time and to create a respectable typical household.Ê But is marriage actually necessary or even what people desire?Ê Hellenic marriage seems to be constructed in such a way as to leave many Greeks unsatisfied and discontent.Ê Why else

It is believed that sheep evolved in the dry, mountainous areas of Southwest and Central Asia around 8,000-10,000 years ago. The fibers, milk, hide, and meat provided by sheep continue to prove just how essential the animal is to both temperate and tropical agriculture. They are also very important to the United States because we have bred them for three major purposes: the production of very fine wool for clothing, the production of long wool for heavy clothing and finally for the production of mutton and lamb. Sheep have been bred to produce these three major necessities in such a short time that we don't consider the genetic downfalls, such as inbreeding. If that were the case, inbreeding would keep producing all of these major productions

They would use marriage in order to maintain social power meaning that they did not marry for love but instead for power. Inter Family marriages often occurred between siblings because if a man married his sister than the power they hold stays in the family. In this way they are using marriage as a way to sustain social and economical power. Furthemore, marriage also served a as a way to maintain religious power because the elite were said to have “divine” ancestors, so if a brother married his sister then they were still marrying the divine and not just a mere mortal. This act further emphasizes their belief in the

In the ancient world women had no say to whom they want to marry and there was no such thing as love based relationship among them, it was all about the heiress. According to the article by Joshua J. Mark “ In the language of the Sumerians, the word for `love’ was a compound verb that, in its literal sense, meant `to measure the earth,’ that is, `to mark off land’. Among both the Sumerians and the Babylonians (and very likely among the Assyrians as well) marriage was fundamentally a business arrangement designed to assure and perpetuate an orderly society. Though there was an inevitable emotional component to marriage, its prime intent in the eyes of the state was not companionship but procreation; not personal happiness in the present but communal

In the article, “Why Inbreeding Isn’t as Bad as You Think”, Wilkins debunks the myths behind inbreeding and attributes them to cultural taboos. Wilkins alludes that cousins who are the first in their family lineage to inbreed have the exact same changes of having healthy offspring as unrelated couples. He then mentions that marrying a second cousin would greatly increase one 's chance of having healthy offspring. In the article, cousins of inbreeding that are detrimental to the offspring 's health and mentions that this may occur when inbreeding has happened for long periods of time. It is because both parents may be carriers of the recessive gene, although 96% of children produced from such mating are health. Wilkins concludes that if anyone traces back thousands of years, they will find they shared the same ancestors as their partners so everyone in a way, has been exposed to inbreeding. In the informative article, Wilkins writes for the average reader and shows his bias about cultural taboos when he mentions that there can be disorders but yet explains that they are not.

The results show that larger breeds such as the BMD and LEO have a lower longevity and larger litter sizes. BMD had an especially lower life expectancy with a mean of 7.7 years and could be a consequence of histiocytic sarcoma that is prevalent within this breed of dog. This makes sense due to an effect of inbreeding being disease.

Ancient Egyptian royal marriages were almost exclusively restricted to relatives, with very few exceptions. This practice originated from the belief that in many cases, Gods bred with their sisters or brothers, and since royals were the direct descendents of the Gods, they must practice incest as well. Since the

Since the beginning of recorded history, there is evidence that women had a much, much lower status in society than men. It is reported in Ancient Greece as early as 400 BC, that society actively cultivated the demeaning role of women. They endured many difficulties and hardships especially in the three main areas of marriage, inheritance, and social life. Many believe this ancient culture and treatment of women molded what society still views as the submissive role for females. Our word for “marriage” can be traced to ancient Athenian legal definitions. Ekdosis is the giving the hand of the women into marriage by her master or lord. It was seen as a meeting between the fathers of the young couple based on the needs and best interests of the senior men, with little concern for the thoughts of the groom and absolutely none for the wishes of the girl(Marriage,n.d.).

The Royal Acquaintances Memi and Sabuh, Menkaure, and wife will be my two sculpture I am comparing and contrasting. These two artworks both show the unity of husband and wife. The Royal Acquaintances and Menkaure and wife are both from the old kingdom. Both are standing straight forward. Both have their back against something that show a sign of relief. Both are bare foot which show a sign of royalty in Egyptian culture. Both have almond shaped eyes. Both males have a flushly chest. Both males have on an archaic skirt. Both male have toned abdominals. Both have a belly button. Both are holding some unidentified cylindrical objects. Both of their knees are over-emphasized, and the edge of the shin-bone, which is too sharp, is anatomically correct.

Deafness and blindness are caused by hereditary genetic disorders. According to Bittles autosomal recessive gene loci is associated with hearing loss (Bittles, p.141). The Druze people, commonly known for their endogamous marriages live in isolated villages across the Middle East. A single mutation was accounted for hearing impairments in families residing in Northern Galilee, a Druze village (Adato et al., 200). The study conducted in Northern Galilee demonstrates that marriages within small tribes a genetic mutation is likely to be the cause congenital disorder. Barder-Biedl syndrome and Meckel Syndrome are commonly found in Arab countries (Teebi, A.S., Teebi, S.A., 2005). Bardet-Biedl syndrome is common among the Bedouin tribe in Kuwait it is known to cause blindness (Teebi, A.S., Teebi, S.A., 2005). Because blindness and deafness can be genetically inherited, a family that has a medical history of eye problems the family may have such problem in the future; the same goes for deafness. Couples of consanguineous marriages are likely to give their offspring same harmful genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Sudan and Saudi Arabic must established preventive programs that aim to educated couples about the risks of consanguineous marriages. Couples who live isolated communities have no access to information regarding the possible risks of consanguineous marriages. My Uncle, Jamal has two blind

The death of Queen Elizabeth I, one of England’s longest reigning queens, left some English people grief stricken at the loss of their monarch while others were more focused on the need to name her successor. Because of a familial connection James Stuart, a relative of Queen Elizabeth, acceded the throne on March 24th, 1603. With his installation, James became king of not only England but Scotland and Ireland as well. James’ reign would begin a period which would spawn three civil wars and result in the execution of an English king. Problems arose quickly in the new administration of James. For example, each of the newly united countries embraced a different religion which caused conflicts. In addition, Scotland and Ireland had turbulent histories with England which caused tensions throughout the entire reign of James I. James’ successor, his son, Charles I, inherited the unrest which had plagued his father's reign. In 1642, an English Civil War broke out pitting Charles against a group called the Roundheads, who opposed his quest for absolute power and the divine right to rule. The confrontation lasted until 1649, when Charles I was executed, and a new ruler Charles’s son Charles II, was crowned.