Effects Of Mongolian Westernization

One of the reasons the Mongol nomads had a prominent and menacing effect on Afro Eurasia was their state building strategies. After conquering cities, they appointed the agents in each of the cities to govern the city, as seen in Document 6. The ruler, Chinggis Khan, had respect for loyalty; he usually made deals with the conquered cities, which benefited both sides. There are also many places of worships, as mentioned in Document 7. There were multiple churches, and mosques. It is true that the Mongol nomads were highly cosmopolitan which helped with state building and that as a result, effected Afro Eurasia by introducing more people. Document 3 contains valuable sources of information about Russia during the Mongol era. It described the Mongols as destructive invaders from the East and lashes out particularly at the Tartars for damaging cities and sacred places. During the fourteenth century, Russian preoccupation

     Peter the Great had many strengths, but his best was he modernized Russia. By seeing Europe, he changed many things. He changed the calendar so the New Year would be January 1. He increased agriculture by growing new crops and increased the number of factories in Russia. He also started the first Russian newspaper and enlarged their army to 200,000 men. He also got a warm water port for his “window on the sea.”

Peter the Great was born to Tsar Alexis and grew up differently than many people of his time. “Peter proved a healthy child, lively and inquisitive. It is probably significant to his development that his mother’s former guardian, Artamon Sergeyevich Matveyev, had raised her in an atmosphere open to progressive influences from the West” (Britannica Academica). The fact that he grew up with a significant figure in his life who favored the west shaped his views in a major. Later in his reign, he focused on western civilization and how they thrived. Peter tried to implicate the same influences in Russia to further try and modernize and advance the culture, society, and government. Peter was a very lively and energetic child. “When Alexis died in 1676 Peter was only four years old. His elder half-brother, a sickly youth, then succeeded to the throne as Fyodor III” (Britannica

Ivan IV, also known as “Ivan the Terrible,” lived from 1530 to 1584 and was the first Tsar of Russia. He officially reigned from the age of three; however, he did not have any real power until he crowned himself “Tsar” of Russia in 1547. He went on to conquer vast amounts of neighboring territories, eventually controlling the largest empire in the world at the time. In addition to increasing the Russian Tsardom’s size, he also completely restructured the political system. He took away all power from the noble boyar elite, and became an absolute monarch. This was good because the boyars at the time had been corrupt, and more interested in their personal interests than the interests of the state (Ivan the Terrible).

During the time periods between 1682 and 1725 Peter the Great took a number of steps to modernize russia and transform it into a major European power. These steps were promoting diversity, encouraging education, increasing foreign trade, enforcing a new style of dress, prompting progress in technology and changing old Russian appearances. Realizing that Russia couldn't confront the Ottoman Empire alone, Peter ventured out to Europe to look for the guide of the European rulers. Despite the fact that the mission failed it presented Peter to Western European artists, scientists, craftsmen, and noble families. This persuaded him that Russia should take after Western Europe in certain ways

The first of these tsars, Ivan III, also known as “Ivan the Great”, defied Mongol control and declared the autonomy of Moscow. Ivan III was soon followed by Ivan IV, also known as “Ivan the Terrible”, who declared his power by pushing aside his advisors, crowning himself tsar and crushing boyars, who were Russian nobles. At first, Ivan’s reign was successful as he added vast new territories to the Russian empire. Later, after his wife’s death, Ivan’s power and prosperity declined because he started persecuting those whom he believed opposed him. This resulted in the execution of many nobles and their families, friends, servants and peasants, in which he replaced with a new service nobility, whose loyalty was “guaranteed by their dependent on the state for land and titles.” [1] Ivan the Terrible nor Ivan III were never absolute rulers- their ways of ruling just helped lay the foundation for Russian absolutism. After Ivan IV and his successor died, Russia entered a “Time of Troubles”, which lasted from 1598-1613, in which the peasant warrior bands known as Cossacks, rebelled against their nobles who fought back and defeated the Cossacks. Ivan’s grand-nephew, Michael Romanov, was soon elected by the Zensky Sober- a body of nobles, and placed efforts toward state-building. He was succeeded by “Peter the Great”, the Russian king that truly consolidated Russian

Peter recognized that his country was falling behind the European countries in knowledge, technology, trade, and governing ability. Using his absolute power as a czar, he brought in foreign advisers to help him modernize, westernize and educate his people. Peter had a great respect for Europe, and his reforms had a lasting influence in Russia, though there was of course opposition from the more conservative nobles.

The Mongol Empire, an infamous empire in founded in the beginning of the thirteenth century and fell in the mid to late fourteenth century, had an unavoidable influence on Eurasia including both positive effects, such as advancing trade and production of goods in less advanced societies (doc 5) as well as laying a powerful and protective influence on a number of societies (doc 2), and negative effects, being savagely murderous towards those societies in their path (doc 1), destroying important structures and cities of other societies (doc 7), and aggressively demanding a tribute be paid to them from Christian societies and others (doc 9), as well as effects that are considered neither negative nor positive effects, examples being that the

Finally, Peter the Great reformed Russia by reorganizing the country’s economic structure and altering the social scene to mirror Western culture. Historically, Russia was an agricultural country whose tiny middle class took on the tax burdens of the exempt nobility. After traveling abroad, Peter the Great saw the need for internal reform, wanting to apply ideas of western mercantilism to stimulate economic growth by developing industry and commerce. For “When Russian

Peter older brother took over his father's job when he passed away and Peter was by his side as the age of four ("Peter I." Britannica School). Peter was by his brother side since the age of four because his brother needed someone by his side and wanted to hand over his job to his brother since it was a family trend. Peter lived with his mother in Preobrazhenskoe and Peter was usually fearing for safety ("Peter I." Britannica School). Preobrazhenskoe is a village near Moscow, Russia and usually feared about safety. Peter feared for safety because he all pressure was on him since he was a young tsar and put all of his negative attitude on the Russian guardsmen. Peter also had a sister named Sophia and Sophia was made a regent, which is taking control of the government ("Peter I." Britannica School). Since Sophia was a regent, she could not have public appearance, since she took over the government and the government policy was that you can not have public appearances. Peter the Great was good at a lot of things but Geography was not a hit for him since he wanted to open up trade routes, so that Russia could get their name around and get objects that they needed but it was hard for Peter since know one did not support his idea (“Readings in European History,”). Know one supported Peter's idea because they felt that Russia

As a result, Peter toured Europe seeking to use Western ideas in order to help Westernize Russia. Peter was able to work with Germans who lived in Russia and studied the German army. In addition, Peter also studied Europe’s philosophy and science. He was so involved in refining Russia’s structure, that he visited various European countries under an alias in order to be one with the crowd and study European customs and methods. Peter’s goal was “to make his country a great power commensurate with its size and potential so that it might forever be safe from foreign invasion or domination.”

Peter the Great was aware of Russia’s weaknesses and backwoods ways and was determined to overcome it. Peter went into Europe incognito and learned the craft of shipbuilding from the Dutch and navigation from the English. With these two trades mastered, Peter the Great later formed the Russian Navy.

When you first hear the word Mongol, the immediate image that comes to mind is that of a fearsome and ruthless warrior. This reputation helped the Mongols conquer and rule the largest empire in history which spanned from China to Europe. While the rise of the Mongols is largely attributed to the emergence of their famed leader, Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire itself would have lasting effects on China, Korea, and Japan even after his death. The Mongols would occupy Koryo Korea, defeat the Southern Song Dynasty to occupy China, and attempt to invade and conquer Japan on two occasions under the guidance of Kublai Khan. These aggressive maneuvers by the Mongol Empire would have significant ramifications on the development of China, Korea, and

The success, or lack thereof, achieved by Russia 's military during the 18th and 19th centuries has often been linked to the integration of Western, or European, strategies. Peter the Great, one of Russia 's most revered military leaders, based much of his ideology concerning war around the things he learned while visiting other European nations. Russia 's need to go abroad to find military strategies is often misrepresented as ignorance. However, ignorance did not propel the Russians to mimic western ideas. The borrowing of ideas was an attempt to recreate the effective strategy that propelled Russia to military greatness under Peter the Great.

The reforms and westernization of Peter the Great made Russia a more modern and stronger power in Europe under his rule and until his death in 1725. Peter was a powerful and forceful leader with a vision. He wanted to westernize Russia and bring the state to a more modern era in order to compete with Europe for goods and services.