Cause/Effects on Mothers’ During Pregnancy Stress during pregnancy can cause developmental and emotional problems for offspring; it has been observed by behavioral and biological researchers, but the objective measuring and timing of that stress and its results are difficult to prove. It is important for women who plan on becoming pregnant in the future to know how to prevent unhealthy pregnancy. A healthy lifestyle during the prenatal period of pregnancy is a start to a healthy outcome for infants…

preventing teen pregnancy. This paper will attempt to describe the research surrounding sex education, mostly abstinence education and the importance of contraceptive. The discussion surrounding sex education will focus not only on current research findings, but also on the truth of the research that has produced different and often conflicting results. Finally, this essay will discuss programs that focus on the role of boys and their importance in teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy create many social…

Introduction Every woman when pregnant has a 3-5% chance of having a baby born with a birth defect and these chances increase when the developing fetus/embryo is exposed to teratogens whether it’s intentional or unintentional (Bethesda (MD), 2006). Teratogens may cause severe birth defects, malformations, or terminate the pregnancy altogether (Jancárková, & Gregor, 2000). The placenta is known to be an effective barrier from any harmful pathogen that may potentially harm the fetus. The timing of…

Pregnancy begins with a fetus developing inside a women’s uterus, and ends with the birth of a baby. Pregnancy involves a variety of clinical laboratory tests that can provide important information from the beginning of pregnancy through the first days of the newborn’s life. A variety of laboratory tests are performed throughout pregnancy at different specified times. Ninety five percent of pregnancies result in a safe delivery of a healthy baby, but there are complications that can arise unexpectedly…

childbearing expose themselves to many risks and negative effects that can affect their future. Females result with many consequences due to teenage pregnancy. This paper will strictly focus on the effects females experience through teenage pregnancy. The reader will be able to develop an overall understanding of the causes of teen pregnancy. Also, the reader will be able to distinguish the psychosocial effects on the girl during adolescent pregnancy. The reader shall understand the risks of health complications…

Breeched pregnancies are something that 13 percent of women in the United States have to deal with. There is not always something that can be done about the breeched pregnancy, and sometimes they baby is just more content that way. It can be a long difficult process deciding what is best for the baby, but there are a lot of options that you can choose from so that you and your baby get the best treatment possible. However, there is a lot of research, stories, and studies about breeched pregnancy that…

The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Pregnant Women and Babies When hearing about babies born addicted to drugs or babies born after being previously exposed to alcohol, most people are appalled and slightly outraged. Pregnant women who are exposed to drugs and alcohol are risking the welfare of their unborn child because most everything the mother puts in her body gets passed on to the baby either by passing through the placental barrier or the umbilical cord. Drugs are considered any substance…

Pregnancy is a very delicate period of time for the pregnant woman and her child. There are several factors that can interfere with the wellbeing of the baby before and after birth, and the pregnant woman. Although there are several structures and organs that protect the unborn baby, the mother needs to be careful during gestation, to protect the baby. One of the most important structures that support the embryo and fetus is the placenta. Besides its role metabolic, endocrine and immunologic functions…

Health Disadvantages of Poor Women and Their Babies “Women face health inequities because of their specific needs around sexual and reproductive health care, and because they often lack adequate resources to pay for care. All the factors of gender inequity—including limited access to education, legal systems that fail to protect women, and gender-based violence—are exacerbated by poverty” (Partners In Health). Women are already economically unequal to men, but poor women have an even harder time getting…

Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women Using Illegal Drugs and in Women Who Smoke Cigarettes was written by the authors; Mairead Black, Sohinne Bhattacharya, Tara Farley, Dorris M. Campbell, and Ashalatha Shetty. The authors objective of this informative journal is the present the obstetric similarities with women who used illegal drugs and those who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. The authors present information that conforms not only the risk of drug and cigarettes usage during pregnancy but increased…