Effects Of Rising Co2 Levels On Starfish Essay

Climate change is a change in the average global or regional weather patterns. Climate changes includes factors such as; temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind and seasons, influenced by oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets. This plays a

A climate change a change in global or regional climate radiation diagram , in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th hundred onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuel .. climate change has been found in many countries and regions like Uganda, The Alps, Australia and many more. but our focus here is on the climate change in Australia. Climate alteration has been a major issue in Commonwealth of Australia since the beginning of the twenty first century. In 2013, a news report was released stating that Australia is becoming hotter, and that it will experience more extreme heat and longer flak seasons because of climate change. In 2014, the Bureau of Meteorology released a report on the common wealth of Australia's mood that highlighted several key points, including the dramatic step-up in Australia's temperatures and the increasing frequency of Bush fires, droughts and floods, which have all been linked to climate change.

a long-term change in the earth's climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature. “http://www.dictionary.com/browse/climate-change”

Climate change is the change in average weather of a region. Climate change can be, for example, change in region’s average annual rainfall or change in region’s average temperature for certain period (May, 2011). In a broader view, climate change can also be seen as change in Earth’s climate with an example being global warming.

For the past 200 years, the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 continues to be produced by, the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, industrialization, cement production, and other land-use changes. The ocean absorbs much of this excess CO2 through air-sea gas exchange, resulting in changes in seawater chemistry. Due to human-made emissions, the CO2 content of the oceans has dramatically increased and is gradually acidifying the surface waters. As a result of human-made emissions, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and oceans has increased dramatically during recent decades. In the ocean, the accumulating CO2 is gradually acidifying the surface waters, making it difficult for shelled organisms such as corals and certain open sea plankton to build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Since this process affects the functioning of several marine ecosystems, it has been massively studied in recent years. However, getting an accurate measure is complicated because the effect of ocean acidification on the rates of calcium produced by marine organisms is extremely variable and its species specific. Since scientists incline to use local and site-specific field measurements, treating reef environments and open sea environments separately, their measurements reflect the local response of individual organisms to elevated CO2 levels, leaving out the overall picture.

Since the industrial revolution, anthropogenic inputs of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere have increased dramatically. Concentrations in the atmosphere have risen 40% from 1750 to 2011, reaching record highs of 390.5 ppm (Stocker, et al., 2013). Due to this, the amount of dissolved CO2 in the oceans has also increased causing acidification of the oceans which can have several effects, mainly on calcifying organisms. Climate change has also influenced the stratification of the oceans due to density changing affecting nutrient distribution. So far, although a number of methods have been explored, there have been no solutions that don’t have their own issues.

Climate Change is the significant change in the climate and distribution of weather patterns on Earth ranging from the last decade to millennia earlier.

In current times, as we consider ways to inhibit CO2 emissions, we look towards the Earth’s natural carbon sinks as possible solutions. Carbon sinks an environment that can hold onto carbon chemicals for an indefinite time with the act of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere defined as carbon sequestration. The Oceans are one of them. However, when the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide elevates in a short period of time, this can lead to Ocean Acidification, the phenomena where the dissolution of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere leads to the lowering of ocean pH (Greene, et al., 2012).

Over the last decade, there has been much focus in the ocean science community on studying the potential impacts of ocean acidification (OA). Ocean acidification describes a change in the ocean’s carbon chemistry which is an emerging global problem. Oceans cover nearly 70 percent of the planet’s surface and play a crucial role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide through the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes (Orr, Fabry, Aumont, Bopp, Doney, Feely, ... & Key, 2005). As a result of anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels, cement manufacturing, changes in land use and other human activities, carbon dioxide levels have built up in the atmosphere (Orr et al., 2005). Excess levels of CO2 then dissolve

Since humans have started industrial work, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has continued to rise. The ocean’s intake of carbon dioxide is steadily increasing. The ocean consumes about a third of the CO2 that is released every year (National Geographic, 2015-2017). This intake is making the ocean’s pH levels drop. The carbon dioxide being consumed is changing the composition of sea water. Man-made CO2 emissions not only have an impact on the Earth’s seas, but also contribute to global warming, which is also a trending problem that we are now facing today.

Climate change is change in global or regional climate patterns, and weather is the state

Climate change or global warming is the effect of greenhouse gas emissions, entering the atmosphere. Essentially the Sun’s rays enter the atmosphere and then are ‘blocked’ by these gases and prevented from leaving. The stored sun rays heat up the Earth, meaning rising sea levels because of the heated climate. Society is majorly impacted by the fatal issue and there are many views and opinions of what climate change is and what it will cause.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that we exhale in our daily lives. Plants use carbon dioxide to create oxygen that all mammals use. However, carbon dioxide can also change the chemistry of the ocean, this is often referred to as ocean acidification. The excess carbon dissolves into oxygen in the water, producing a chemical called carbonic acid. This acid causes the ocean to become more acidic. In the eighteenth century, the pH was 8.07 which was slightly basic. Currently, the pH is around 8.01 this is about a twenty-five percent increase in acidity. (National geographic) While this slight change may not seem outrageous, it is causing multiple marine life struggles. The acid melts the shells of pteropods causing a low supply of food that would support larger fish.

Anthropogenic activity has affected a large number of ecosystems in the world including the earth’s oceans. Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been escalating since the rise of the industrial revolution and are now at a far more prominent rate than previously experienced in the Earth's history primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels (Wood et al., 2008). The concentration of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere now surpasses 380 parts per million (ppm), which is more than 80 ppm over the highest values of the past 740,000 years (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007). As a result, the oceans have absorbed approximately 25% to 30% of the CO2 in the atmosphere acting as carbon sinks and decreasing the rate of CO2 rise in the atmosphere, which has had a direct effect on the ocean’s chemistry (Logan, 2010). This results in the most prominent phenomena known as ocean acidification, which worsens day-to-day as CO2 enters the oceans at a more noteworthy rate than ever before, diminishing the ocean's natural buffering capacity and lowering the pH (Wood et al., 2008). This is documented to have a significant threat to marine species. As CO2 enters the ocean and comes in contact with the water, it reacts and changes the chemical properties of the ocean itself (Wood et al., 2008). This process produces carbonic acid that breaks down into bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydrogen ions that increase the acidity. The ocean’s pH commonly ranges between 7.8 and 8.2, yet, recent studies show that

Climate change is changes in the earths weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall, especially the increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere that is caused by the increase of particular gases; especially carbon dioxide. (Enssa.eu, 2015)